“We believe that we need to put tools in the hands of ex-combatants”: Paul Kagame in discussion with the authors, September 2011.
more than $380 million in aid: Frederick Womakuyu, “South Sudan: Nation Embarks on Disarming Ex-Combatants,” AllAfrica, July 12, 2011, http://allafrica.com/stories/201107130081.html.
two hundred thousand former soldiers: Ibid.
In Colombia, a largely successful DDR program: Author observations while visiting the DDR program in Colombia on two separate occasions.
“Human-rights and justice groups can build”: Nigel Snoad in discussion with the authors, March 2012.
Dozens of criminals: Report of the International Criminal Court, Sixty-Sixth Session, United Nations General Assembly, August 19, 2011, 6–7, http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/D207D618-D99D-49B6-A1FC-A1A221B43007/283906/ICC2011AnnualReporttoUNEnglish1.pdf.
for many months before their trials: Susana SáCouto, Katherine Cleary et al., “Expediting Proceedings at the International Criminal Court,” American University, Washington College of Law, War Crimes Research Office, International Criminal Court, Legal Analysis and Education Project, June 2011, http://www.wcl.american.edu/warcrimes/icc/documents/1106report.pdf.
the country’s new government: Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: A Hand-book, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2003. See section by Peter Uvin, “The Gacaca Tribunals in Rwanda,” 116–117, accessed October 19, 2012, http://www.idea.int/publications/reconciliation/upload/reconciliation_full.pdf.
the gacaca tribunaclass="underline" Ibid.
Conclusion
“Technology”: Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (New York: Viking, 1999), 32.
Every two days: M. G. Siegler, “Eric Schmidt: Every 2 Days We Create as Much Information as We Did up to 2003,” TechCrunch, August 4, 2010.
only two billion people: “The World in 2010: ICT Facts and Figures,” ITU News, December 2010, http://www.itu.int/net/itunews/issues/2010/10/04.aspx.
seven billion online: “U.S. & World Population Clocks,” U.S. Cesus Bureau, accessed October 26, 2012, http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html.
INDEX
Aadhaar
Abbottabad, Pakistan, 2.1, 5.1
Abkhaz nationalists
Abuja, Nigeria
Academi, LLC
accountability, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
activist groups
additive manufacturing
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), n
Afghanistan, 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
reconstruction of, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Africa, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
African Americans
African National Congress (ANC)
African Sahel
African Union
Age of Spiritual Machines, The: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (Kurzweil), con.1
Agha-Soltan, Neda
Agie, Mullah Akbar
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994)
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud
al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
al-Assad, Bashar
Alcatel-Lucent
AlertNet
Algeria, 3.1, 4.1
alienation
Al Jazeera
al-Qaeda, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, con.1
al-Shabaab, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2
Amazon, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2
data safeguarded by
Amazon Web Services
American Sentinel drone
Android
anonymity, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
Anonymous, 5.1, 5.2
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
antiradicalization
antiterrorism units, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Apple, itr.1, 5.1
data safeguarded by
apps, 2.1, 5.1
Arab Spring, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
AR.Drone quadricopter
Argentina
Armenia
arms-for-minerals trade
arrests
artificial intelligence (AI), itr.1, 1.1
artificial pacemakers
Asia
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Assange, Julian, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1
Astroturfing
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 3.1, 3.2
Athar, Sohaib, n, 269
ATMs
augmented reality (AR), itr.1, 2.1
autocracies, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
data revolution in
dissent in
information shared by
online discussions in
Ayalon, Danny
Baghdad
Baghdad Museum
Bahrain
Baidu.com, n
Bamiyan Buddhas
Bangladesh
bank loans
Basque separatists
Batbold, Sukhbaatar
battery life
Bechtel
Belarus
Belgium
Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidine, 4.1, 4.2
Berezovsky, Boris
Better Angels of Our Nature, The (Pinker), 6.1
big data challenge
Bill of Guarantees
bin Laden, Osama, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, nts.1
biometric information, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Bitcoin, 2.1, nts.1
BlackBerry Messenger (BBM), 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1
Black Hat
Blackwater
Blockbuster, n
Bloomberg News
Bluetooth, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1
body scan
body temperatures
Boko Haram
Bosnia
brand
Brand, Stewart, n
Brazil, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Bush, George H. W., n
Bush, George W.
Cain, Herman
calendar reminders
California
camera phones
Cameron, David
Canada
Carnegie Mellon
Carvin, Andy
celebrities, 2.1, 2.2
cell towers
censorship, 5.1, 6.1
censorship-circumvention applications
Central Asia
centralized authority
Chalabi, Ahmed
charities
Charity Navigator, 7.1, nts.1
Chavez, Hugo
Chechnya, 3.1, 3.2
Chemical Weapons Convention
Cherry, Steven, n
Chery Automobiles
Chile, 3.1, 6.1
China, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3n, 141, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
censorship in
cyber attacks of, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2
“human-flesh search engines” in, 6.1, 6.2
intellectual property in
Internet in, 3.1, 4.1
news covered up in
shanzhai network in, 1.1
choices
cholera
Christian Science Monitor, 209
Church of Scientology
CIA, 5.1, con.1
circulatory system
Cisco
citizen journalism
citizen participation
citizenship
Clarke, Richard
Clean-Slate Design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH)
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Hillary, itr.1, 4.1
closed-circuit television (CCTV)
cloud-based data storage, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
cloud storage
CNN Effect, n
Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA)
Code War
Cohen, Rebecca
Colao, Vittorio, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
Cold War, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2
collaboration
collective editing
Colombia, 5.1, 7.1
commerce, 2.1, 6.1
commercial opportunities
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
communications
communication technologies
advance of
cultural breakthroughs and
Comodohacker
computer modeling, n