lection. Original engraving 1566, in O. Panvinio, De Ludis Circensibus
(Padua, 1642), p. 7. Courtesy Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Fi g u re 3 6 :
Fasti Triumphales Capitolini, Parast. IV, Frag. XLI, from Degrassi,
Inscr. It. XIII, 1, p. 86. Courtesy of the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome.
Fi g u re 3 7 :
Fasti Triumphales Barberiniani, Frags. CIII, CIV, from Degrassi,
Inscr. It. XIII, 1, p. 344. Courtesy of the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome.
Fi g u re 3 8 :
Painting of Vel Saties, from the François Tomb, Vulci, between
fourth and first centuries bce. Neg. D–DAI–Rom 1963. 0790.
Fi g u re 3 9 :
Sarcophagus from Sperandio necropolis, Perugia, late sixth cen-
tury bce. Limestone. Length: 191 cm. Museo archeologico, Perugia. Neg. D–
DAI–Rom 1931. 2184.
Fi g u re 4 0 :
Architectural terracotta, from Praeneste (Palestrina), sixth or fifth
century bce. 44 cm. Museo di Villa Giulia, Rome. Alinari / Art Resource,
NY.
Fi g u re 4 1 :
Etruscan funerary urn, with triumphal scene, second century bce.
40 x 84 cm. Museo archeologico, Florence. Neg. D–DAI–Rom 07766.
Fi g u re
4 2 :
Sarcophagus, mid-second century ce. Length: 183 cm. Villa
Medici, Rome. Kopperman, Neg. D–DAI–Rom 1963. 1238.
p l a n :
Designed and created by Isabelle Lewis.
Index
Actium: triumphal monument, 45; children
for making peace with Mark Antony,
in chariot, 224–225
267, 302; grants of triumphal dress,
Adventus, 323–324
275–276; “age of the triumph,” 295–
Aemilius Paullus, Lucius. See Paullus,
296, 301–302; dedication of laurel,
Lucius Aemilius
296; refusal of triumphs, 300
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius: refusal of tri-
Aulus Plautius: ovation (47 CE), 69, 290–
umphs, 288, 300–301
291
Appian: on triumphal representation, 13,
Auspicium/auspicia (auspices), 202, 203,
182–183; skepticism of, 14, 37
204, 207, 212, 241, 254, 297–299
Appius Claudius Pulcher: seeks triumph (50
BCE), 190
Bacchus, triumph of, 17, 52, 112, 315–318; in
Arches, “triumphal.” See Triumph, Arches
imperial art, 316–317; influence on Ro-
Aristoboulus, of Judaea, 14, 130
man triumphal practice, 317–318
Art, triumphal influence on, 13, 159–160,
Balbus, Lucius Cornelius: last “traditional”
178–181
triumph (19 BCE), 61, 68–69, 70, 296,
Augustus, emperor (Octavian): Forum of,
300–301, 302, 304–305
43–44, 70, 295; restriction of triumph
Bellona, Temple of: location of triumphal
to imperial family, 68–71, 288, 296–
debates, 201, 206
305; triumphs (29 BCE), 78, 123, 133,
Belisarius: and Jewish spoils, 152; “tri-
224–225, 240, 287, 303–304; triumphal
umphs” (534 CE), 318–321
funeral, 96; royal captives of, 120; tri-
Bibulus, Marcus Calpurnius: seeks triumph
umphal omens, 235, 288–289; ovation
(50 BCE), 190–191
Index
425
Biondo, Flavio, 54–55
defeat by Octavian 45; model of in tri-
Bonfante Warren, L., 227–228
umph, 143–145
Boscoreale: silver cup with triumph, 46, 48, 88
Coarelli, Filippo: on porta triumphalis 97–
100; on conservatism of triumphal
Caelius Rufus, Marcus: and the campaign
route, 103–104; on arches of Augustus,
for Cicero’s triumph, 188, 192–194
347 (n. 45)
Caligula, emperor: sham triumph, 185–186;
Commodus, emperor: fights as gladiator,
“triumphal” procession at Baiae (39
186; erased from triumphal sculpture,
CE), 271
224, 225; shares triumphal chariot with
Callixeinos. See Ptolemy Philadelphus
father (176 CE), 225
Camillus, Marcus Furius: triumphs four
“Conservatism” of Roman religion, 56, 93,
times, 15; triumphs (396 BCE) with
100–101, 103–105, 292
white horses, 234–235; precedent for
Constantine, emperor: execution of cap-
Julius Caesar, 234–235, 292
tives, 132; “triumphs” (312 CE), 325
Cassius Longinus, Caius: controversial vic-
Constantius II: adventus of (357 CE), 323–324
tory over Parthians (51 BCE), 189–190
Consulship. See Triumph, Consulship
Castiglione, Baldassare: on Sleeping
Cupid, triumph of, 2, 51, 110–113, 122, 142
Ariadne/Cleopatra, 143–144
Cato, Marcus Porcius (the elder): on spoils
David (statue by Donatello), 2
of Glabrio (190 BCE), 166
Decius Mus, Publius: celebrated in songs at
Cato, Marcus Porcius (the younger): paint-
triumph of Fabius Maximus (295
ing of in triumph (46 BCE), 145; op-
BCE), 248
poses Cicero’s supplicatio, 192–194;
Dio Cassius: on triumphal glory and am-
supports Bibulus’ supplicatio 194; law
bivalence, 34, 36, 135; “decline” of tri-
against false reporting of victories, 210
umph, 68, 289; selective reading of,
Christian triumph, 50, 54–55, 325–326
84; on triumphal slave 86–87; Augus-
Cicero, Marcus Tullius: on Pompey’s tri-
tan restriction of triumph, 288, 299,
umph (61 BCE) and monuments, 16,
300–301; triumphal images, 145; on
26, 28, 30–31; on invented triumphs,
power behind award of triumph, 201;
75–80; on triumphal archives, 75–76,
on order of triumphal procession (29
170; attacks on Piso, 96, 216–218; on
BCE), 240; acute analysis, 247–248;
execution of captives, 129, 131–132;
misses the point?, 257–258; on Nero’s
campaigns in Cilicia, 187–189; seeks
“triumphs,” 268–269, 272
triumph, 187–196; vote of supplicatio
Dionysius of Halicarnassus: “decline” of tri-
191–194
umph, 67–68, 289; chronology of
Claudius, emperor: awards ovation to Aulus
early triumphs, 74; politicization of
Plautius (47 CE), 69, 290–291; tri-
early triumphs, 200; on Etruscan sym-
umphs accompanied by Messalina (44
bols, 233; on early Games, 282, 284
CE), 239; triumphs partly on knees,
Domitian, emperor: possible rebuild of
249; undeserved triumphal insignia,
porta triumphalis 98–99, 236; sham tri-
271; triumphal dress, 277
umph, 185–186; triumphal banquet (89
Cleopatra: suicide (30 BCE), 4, 38, 114–115;
CE), 257–258
Index
426
Elagabalus, emperor: gender reassignment,
“Hellenization,” 148, 161, 289. See also Tri-
186
umph, Luxury
Emperors’ costume: elements of triumphal
Historia Augusta: traditional triumphal con-
dress, 275; seen as triumphal and/or
cerns, 321–322
regal, 276–277
Horace: triumphal poetry, 50; on Cleopa-
Ennius, triumphal poetry and drama of,
tra, 114
42–43, 53, 264
Epictetus: on triumphal slave, 86
Imperator: acclamation, 188, 20, 216, 243,
Erotic triumph, 48–49, 50–52, 111–113, 142
273, 298–299; as imperial title, 275,
Etruscan triumph, 306–12; alleged “trium-
296
phal route” at Praeneste, 308, 310; Ro-