10. Kassow, The Russian University, 155–56.
11. S. Iu. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II (Moscow, 1960), 199.
12. Ludwig Bazylow, Polityka wewnetrzna caratu (Warsaw, 1966), 197; E. N. Trubetskoi in Josef Melnik, Russen über Russland (Frankfurt, 1906), 17–18.
13. Cited in Edward H. Judge, Plehve (Syracuse, N.Y., 1983), 19.
14. Melnik, Russen, 18, 48.
15. See below, Chap. 3.
16. Judge, Plehve, 12–37.
17. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 34.
18. Judge, Plehve, 59.
19. On this, see below, Chap. 9.
20. Rabochee delo, No. 1 (1899), 24–34.
21. On him: Jeremiah Schneiderman, Sergei Zubatov and Revolutionary Marxism (Ithaca, N.Y., 1976).
22. V. I. Gurko, Features and Figures of the Past (Stanford, Calif., 1939), 116.
23. Dietrich Geyer, Der russische Imperialismus (Göttingen, 1977), 151; Abraham Ascher, The Revolution of 1905 (Stanford, Calif., 1988), 44.
24. Andrew Malozemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy, 1881–1904 (Berkeley, Calif., 1958), 201–2.
25. Ibid., 221.
26. Osvobozhdenie, III, No. 52 (July 19/August 1, 1904), 33.
27. [A. V. Bogdanovich], Tri poslednikh samoderzhtsa (Moscow-Leningrad, 1924), 335.
28. IZ, No. 77 (1965), 241.
29. Ibid., 241–42; also Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 324.
30. Dmitrii N. Shipov, Vospominaniia i dumy o perezhitom (Moscow, 1918), 240.
31. Shipov, Vospominaniia, 241; see also Richard Pipes, Struve: Liberal on the Left (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 361–62.
32. S. E. Kryzhanovskii, Vospominaniia (Berlin, [1938]), 17–18.
33. E.g., [Bogdanovich], Tri, 299.
34. The protocols have been published under the title Chastnoe soveshchanie zemskikh deiatelei prosikhodivshee 6, 7, 8 i 9 noiabria 1904 g. v S.-Petersburge (Moscow, 1905). See further Shipov, Vospominaniia, 258–78; Shmuel Galai, The Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900–1905 (Cambridge, 1973), 214–21; and Pipes, Struve: Liberal on the Left, 368–70.
35. Shipov, Vospominaniia, 269.
36. Ascher, Revolution, 66–68.
37. On the banquet campaign, see I. P. Belokonskii, Zemskoe dvizhenie (Moscow, 1914), 238–57, and Terence Emmons in California Slavic Studies, No. 10 (1977), 45–86.
38. Emmons, loc. cit., 57.
39. New York Public Library: Russia, MVD, Department Politsii, Sbornik sekretnykh tsir-kuliarov, December 10, 1904, shelf mark *QGF/+.
40. Shipov, Vospominaniia, 278–81; E. D. Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia i tsarizm v pervoi russkoi revoliutsii (Moscow, 1970), 37.
41. This document, which remains unpublished, is summarized in Andrew M. Verner, Nicholas II and the Role of the Autocrat during the First Russian Revolution, 1904–1907, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1986, 192–98.
42. Ibid., 193–94.
43. Cited in Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia, 41.
44. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 331–32; Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia, 42–43.
45. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 335.
46. Text in G. G. Savich, ed., Novyi gosudarstvennyi stroi Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1907), 6–8.
47. Bazylow, Polityka wewnetrzna, 333.
48. Osvobozhdenie, No. 63 (January 7/20, 1905), 221.
49. On him, see his memoirs: George Gapon, The Story of My Life (New York, 1906); also D. Venediktov, Georgii Gapon, 2nd ed. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1931), and Walter Sablinsky, The Road to Bloody Sunday (Princeton, N.J., 1976).
50. Bazylow, Polityka wewnetrzna, 347.
51. Sablinsky, The Road, 117.
52. Ibid., 130–31.
53. L. Ia. Gurevich in Byloe, No. 1 (1906), 197–98.
54. Ascher, Revolution, 82–83; Verner, Nicholas II, 226–27.
55. The fullest text of the petition: N. S. Trusova, ed., Nachalo pervoi russkoi revoliutsii: ianvar–mart 1905 goda (Moscow, 1955), 28–30. An English translation is in Sablinsky, The Road, 344–49.
56. Diary of Sviatopolk-Mirskaia, IZ, No. 77 (1965), 273; A. N. Pankratova et al, eds., Revoliutsiia 1905–1907 gg. v Rossii: Dokumenty i materialy, IV, Pt. 1 (Moscow, 1961), 35.
57. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 340.
58. Trusova, Nachalo, 52.
59. Verner, Nicholas II, 259; Sviatopolk-Mirskaia in IZ, No. 77 (1965), 247.
60. Ascher, Revolution, 94, 138, 151.
61. Ibid., 157–60.
62. Ibid., 172.
63. Kazimierz Niedzielski, Z burzliwych dni, 1904–1905 (Warsaw, 1916), 240–41.
64. Ascher, Revolution, 120.
65. Solomon M. Schwarz, The Russian Revolution of 1905 (Chicago, 1967), 123.
66. Sviatopolk-Mirskaia in IZ, No. 77 (1965), 247.
67. S. Iu. Vitte, Vospominaniia, (Moscow, 1960), III, 143–44.
68. KA, No. 1/8 (1925), 51–69.
69. Ibid., 65.
70. Savich, Novyi gosudarstvennyi stroi, 11–14.
71. Ascher, Revolution, 114.
72. Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia, 57.
73. V. A. Maklakov, Iz vospominanii (New York, 1954), 324–25. The fullest account of this organization is Jonathan E. Sanders’s The Union of Unions, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1985.
74. Galai, Liberation Movement, 245–48.
75. Shmuel Galai in Jahrbücher, No. 24 (1976), 522–23.
76. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 388.
77. Ibid., II, 305.
78. Ibid., 397.
79. Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia, 68.
80. Ibid., 69.
81. Text of Trubetskoi’s address is in Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik, June 8, 1905, p. 1. English translation: Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Sergei N. Trubetskoi (Belmont, Mass., 1976), 150–54.
82. Osvobozhdenie, No. 75 (1905), 432.
83. SZ, No. 65 (1937), 226.
84. Petergofskoe soveshchanie o proekte Gosudarstvennoi Dumy (Berlin, n.d.).
85. Text in Savich, Novyi gosudarstvennyi stroi, 21–23. Chermenskii, Burzhuaziia, 105–8; Ascher, Revolution, 177–81. Its antecedents are dealt with in Gilbert S. Doktorow, The Introduction of Parliamentary Institutions in Russia during the Revolution of 1905–1907, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1975.
86. Ascher, Revolution, 179.
87. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 482.
88. Verner, Nicholas II, 353.
89. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 488.