124. Haimson in SR, XXIV, No. 1 (1965), 4–8.
125. On this, see Bernice Rosenthal, ed., Nietzsche in Russia (Princeton, N.J., 1986).
126. “Stikhiia i kultura” (1908) in his Sobranie Sochinenii v vos’mi tomakh, V (Moscow-Leningrad, 1962), 351, 359.
Chapter 6
1. Fritz Fischer, War of Illusions (London, 1975) and Germany’s Aims in the First World War (New York, 1961).
2. V. N. Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 1891–92 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1934), 299.
3. V. A. Emets, Ocherki vneshnei politiki Rossii: 1914–17 (Moscow, 1977), 52–53.
4. A. M. Zaionchkovskii, Mirovaia voina 1914–18 gg., I (Moscow, 1938), 39–40.
5. N. N. Golovin, Voennye usiliia Rossii v mirovoi voine, II (Paris, 1939), 127; Emets, Ocherki, 46.
6. See J. K. Tanenbaum, in E. R. May, ed., Knowing One’s Enemies (Princeton, N.J., 1984), 150–71.
7. Golovin, Voennye usiliia, II, 129–30; G. Frantz, ed., Russland auf dem Wege zur Katastrofe (Berlin, 1926), 68–69.
8. Norman Stone, The Eastern Front, 1914–1917 (New York, 1975), 42.
9. Fischer, War of Illusions, 388.
10. A. Knox, With the Russian Army, 1914–1917, I (London, 1921), xix.
11. On Russia’s entry into the war: D. C. B. Lieven, Russia and the Origins of the First World War (London, 1984).
12. W. A. Suchomlinow [Sukhomlinov], Erinnerungen (Berlin, 1924), 363–64.
13. Calculated from data in N. A. Troinitskii, ed., Obshchii svod … pervoi vseobshchei perepisi naseleniia, I (St. Petersburg, 1905), 56.
14. L. G. Beskrovnyi, Armiia i flot Rossii v nachale XX veka (Moscow, 1986), 15–16.
15. Emets, Ocherki, 33; Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 544.
16. Golovin, Voennye usiliia, I, 97–105.
17. A. Kersnovskii, Istoriia Russkoi Armii, Pt. 3 (Belgrade, 1935), 507; Knox, With the Russian Army, I, xxv-xxvi.
18. Kersnovskii, Istoriia, III, 613.
19. Golovin, Voennye usiliia, II, 121.
20. Knox, With the Russian Army, I, 31–32.
21. Ibid., 222n.
22. Ibid., 27.
23. Emets, Ocherki, 95.
24. Golovin, Voennye usiliia, II, 8.
25. Ibid., 7.
26. A. L. Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny (Moscow, 1973), 109–10.
27. Beskrovnyi, Armiia i flot, 105.
28. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 525.
29. Zaionchkovskii, Mirovaia voina, I, 365.
30. Golovin, Voennye usiliia, I, 62.
31. Kersnovskii, Istoriia, IV, 877.
32. Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Monarchy (London, 1929), 254–55.
33. Padenie, VII, 119.
34. P. B. Struve, “Ekonomicheskaia problema ‘Velikoi Rossii,’ ” in Velikaia Rossiia, Sbornik Statei, Book 2 (Moscow, 1911), 151–52.
35. Guchkov in PN, No. 5,630 (August 23, 1936), 2.
36. Gen. B. Borisov in Voennyi sbornik, II (Belgrade, 1922), 21.
37. A. N. Iakhontov, August 4, 1915, in ARR, XVIII (1926), 36.
38. Cited in Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 56.
39. B. V. Mikhailovskii, Russkaia literatura XX v. (Moscow, 1939), 411–18.
40. Ludwig Bazylow, Obalenie caratu (Warsaw, 1976), 297–98; George Katkov in Richard Pipes, ed., Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), 64–66.
41. S. Sazonov, Fateful Years (London, 1928), 32.
42. KN, No. 6/10 (1922), 182–99. English translation in F. A. Golder, Documents of Russian History (New York, 1927), 3–23.
43. S. Dobrovolskii in Voennyi sbornik, II (Belgrade, 1922), 63–64; Emets, Ocherki, 46.
44. N. Maklakov in Padenie, III, 103; Suchomlinow, Erinnerungen, 368–69.
45. Emets, Ocherki, 68, citing Gen. Iu. N. Danilov.
46. Ibid., 50.
47. Knox, With the Russian Army, I, 60–61.
48. Ibid., 90, 86.
49. H. von Moltke, Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente, 1877–1916 (Stuttgart, 1922), 434–35; Mémoirs du Maréchal Joffre, 1910–17, I (Paris, 1932), 353, 369.
50. Emets, Ocherki, 95.
51. J. Buchan, A History of the Great War, I (Boston, 1922), 526–27.
52. Knox, With the Russian Army, I, 268–69; Beskrovnyi, Armiia i flot, 15.
53. Moltke, Erinnerungen, 385.
54. Ibid., 406, 414.
55. Kersnovskii, Istoriia russkoi armii, III, 729.
56. E. von Falkenhayn, Die Oberste Heeresleitung, 1914–1916 (Berlin, 1920), 26.
57. Knox, With the Russian Army, I, 349.
58. A. G. Shliapnikov et al., eds., Kto dolzhnik? (Moscow, 1926), 125.
59. Ibid.
60. Gen. Sérigny cited in Golovin, Voennye usiliia, II, 143.
61. Emets, Ocherki, 175; Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 95.
62. V. S. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia i tsarizm v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny (1914–17) (Leningrad, 1967), 78, citing K. F. Shatsillo.
63. Stone, Eastern Front, 131–32, 147.
64. Reproduced in Suchomlinow, Erinnerungen, 414.
65. His memoirs: Suchomlinow, Erinnerungen; Russian translation: Vospominaniia Sukhom-linova (Moscow-Leningrad, 1926).
66. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 79. On him, see further Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 77–79.
67. Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Monarchy (London, 1939), 327.
68. B. Pares, ed., Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914–1916 (London, 1923), 108.
69. S. P. Beletskii, Grigorii Rasputin (Petrograd, 1923), 33–35.
70. Pares, Letters, 110.
71. Rodzianko in Padenie, VII, 153; Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 89.
72. B. B. Grave, ed., Burzhuaziia nakanune fevral’skoi revoliutsii (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 39.
73. Emets, Ocherki, 175.
74. Iakhontov in ARR, XVIII (1926), 15.
75. Pares, The Fall, 256.
76. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 89–90.
77. On him, see Richard Abraham, Alexander Kerensky: The First Love of the Revolution (New York, 1987).
78. Tsentral’nyi Komitet Trudovoi Gruppy, Aleksandr Fëdorovich Kerenskii (Po Materialam Departamenta Politsii) (Petrograd, 1917).
79. E. H. Wilcox, Russia’s Ruin (London, 1919), 193.
80. Abraham, Kerensky, 96.
81. Beletskii, Rasputin, 13.