82. Bazylow, Obalenie caratu, 65; Maurice Paléologue, La Russie des Tsars pendant la Grande Guerre, II (Paris, 1922), 54–55.
83. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 113.
84. Iakhontov in ARR, XVIII, 53–56.
85. Padenie, VII, 68–69, 131; V. P. Semennikov, Politika Romanovykh nakanune revoliutsii (Moscow-Leningrad, 1926), 82–83.
86. Text: Iakhontov in ARR, XVIII, 98.
87. Pares, The Fall, 269.
88. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 103.
89. The full English text in Pares, The Fall, 271–73.
90. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 27–29; KA, No. 1–2/50–51, (1932) 133–36; ARR, XVIII, 109–10.
91. See examples in Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 114.
92. Pares, The Fall, 275–76.
93. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 39.
94. NoV, No. 7,258 (May 14/26, 1896), 2.
95. Iakhontov in ARR, XVIII, 62.
96. Ibid, 128.
97. Ibid.
98. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 126–27.
99. R V, No. 221 (September 27, 1915), 2.
100. Pares, The Fall, 285.
101. Ibid., 242–243.
102. Gosudarstvennaia Duma, Stenograficheskie otchëty, IV Sozyv, Sessiia IV, Zasedanie 4 (Petrograd, 1915), 303–5.
103. Beskrovnyi, Armiia i flot, 71.
104. Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 102–3.
105. Padenie, VII, 140.
106. A. P. Pogrebinskii in IZ, XI (1941), 164.
107. A. Shliapnikov, Kanun semnadtsatogo goda, 3rd ed., I (Moscow, n.d.), 95–121; Bazylow, Obalenie caratu, 100.
108. On it: Pogrebinskii in IZ, XI (1941), 189–99.
109. Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 200. no.
110. As does Stone, Eastern Front, 201. III.
110.Knox, With the Russian Army, I, 355–56.
112. Cited in Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 93.
113. On the Zemstvo Union, see S. Kotliarevskii in RM, No. 3 (March 1916), Pt. 2, 137–41, and T. I. Polner, Russian Local Government during the War and the Union of Zemstvos (New Haven, Conn., 1930).
114. On them: Bazylow, Obalenie caratu, 103–5.
115. E.g., Goremykin and Rukhlov in Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 97.
116. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 66.
Chapter 7
1. V. V. Shulgin, Dni (Belgrade, 1925), 156.
2. A. P. Pogrebinskii, Gosudarstvennye finansy tsarskoi Rossii v epokhu imperializma (Moscow, 1968), 64.
3. L. N. Yurovsky, Currency Problems of the Soviet Union (London, 1925), 12; Rudolf Claus, Die Kriegswirtschaft Russlands (Bonn-Leipzig, 1922), 21.
4. Estimates by S. N. Prokopovich in A. L. Sidorov, Finansovoe polozhenie Rossii v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny, 1914–1917 gg. (Moscow, 1960), 131–32.
5. Calculated on the basis of figures in Sidorov, Finansovoe polozhenie, 117.
6. Claus, Kriegswirtschaft, 25.
7. Sidorov, Finansovoe polozhenie, 146.
8. Claus, Kriegswirtschaft, 4.
9. Ibid., 4–5.
10. N. P. Oganovskii and A. V. Chaianov, eds., Statisticheskii spravochnik po agrarnomu voprosu, I (Moscow, 1917), 10–11; Predvaritel’nye itogi vserossiskoi sel’sko-khoziaistvennoi perepisi 1910 g. (Petrograd, 1916), xv.
11. V. P. Bystrenin in RM, November 1916, 1; see also A. S. Izgoev, RM, October 1916, 2.
12. B. B. Grave, ed., Burzhuaziia nakanune fevral’skoi revoliutsii (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 137.
13. L. Bazylow, Obalenie caratu (Warsaw, 1976), 160.
14. M. Florinsky, The End of the Russian Empire (New Haven, Conn., 1931), 121.
15. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 131.
16. A. Knox, With the Russian Army, 1914–1917, II (London, 1921), 388; cf. A. M. Anfimov, Rossiiskaia derevnia v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny, 1914–1917 gg. (Moscow, 1962), 306–9.
17. V. S. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia i tsarizm v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny (1914–1917) (Leningrad, 1967), 132–33.
18. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 422.
19. A. A. Manikovskii, Boevoe snabzhenie russkoi armii v mirovoiu voinu, 2nd ed., I (Moscow-Leningrad, 1930), 398, 165.
20. Norman Stone, The Eastern Front, 1914–1917 (London, 1976), 238.
21. Maurice Paléologue, La Russie des Tsars pendant la Grande Guerre, III (Paris, 1922), 92–93.
22. Bernard Pares, ed., Letters of the Tsaritsa to the Tsar, 1914–1916 (London, 1923), xxix, and The Fall of the Russian Monarchy (London, 1939), 401, citing Iusupov.
23. Testimony of Stürmer in Padenie, I, 222.
24. Ibid., VII, 205.
25. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 413.
26. Gen. B. Gurko, Memories and Impressions of War and Revolution in Russia, 1914–1917 (London, 1918), 188.
27. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 416.
28. Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 274–75. Cf. Alexander Blok, “Poslednie dni imperatorskoi vlasti,” in Sobranie sochinenii v vos’mi tomakh, VI (Moscow-Leningrad, 1962), 193; also RZ, November 1916, 243.
29. Rech’, January 3, 1917, cited in Diakin, Russkaia burzhuaziia, 275.
30. A. I. Spiridovich, Velikaia voina i fevral’skaia revoliutsiia, 1014–1017 gg., III (New York, 1962), 13.
31. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 424–25.
32. KA, No. 4/17 (1926), 24.
33. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 127.
34. Ibid., 136.
35. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 552; Pares, Letters, xxxviii.
36. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 542.
37. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 134.
38. Knox, With the Russian Army, II, 515; Grave, Burzhuaziia, 133–34.
39. Izgoev in RM, October 1916, Pt. 3, 1–5.
40. A. Petrishchev in RZ, October 1916, 233–39.
41. A. L. Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii v gody pervoi mirovoi voiny (Moscow, 1973), 492, 496; P. I. Liashchenko, Istoriia narodnogo khoziaistva SSSR, 3rd ed., II (Moscow, 1952), 641.
42. Sidorov, Ekonomicheskoe polozhenie, 496.
43. Richard Pipes, Struve: Liberal on the Right (Cambridge, Mass., 1980), 230.
44. Bazylow, Obalenie caratu, 303–4.
45. On this, see S. P. Melgunov, Legenda o separatnom mire (Paris, 1957).
46. Grave, Burzhuaziia, 138.
47. Ibid., 140–41, 147–48.
48. Pares, The Fall, 378–79.