147. A copy can be found at Houghton Library, Harvard, under the shelf mark +56–909.
148. Kerensky in SZ, No. 50 (1932), 409.
149. Ibid.,
150. Above, p. 298.
151. Revoliutsiia, I, 73.
152. Nabokov, Provisional Government, 61–62.
153. J. Godechot, Les Institutions de la France sous la Révolution et l’Empire (Paris, 1951), 89–91; G. Lefebvre, La Révolution (Paris, 1957), 165–67.
154. Nabokov, Provisional Government, 83.
155. Revoliutsiia, I, 82.
156. Nabokov, Provisional Government, 135.
157. M. N. Tsapenko, ed., Vserossiiskoe Soveshchanie Sovetov Rabochikh i Soldatskikh Deputatov: Stenograficheskii Otchët (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 38.
158. I. G. Tsereteli, Vospominaniia o Fevral’skoi Revoliutsii, I (Paris-The Hague, 1963), 97.
159. Ibid., 107–08.
160. Revoliutsiia, I, 114.
161. Nalivaiskii, Petrogradskii Sovet, 9.
162. Ibid., 10.
163. Revoliutsiia, I, 64.
164. Ibid., 72.
165. Ibid., 80.
166. Ibid., 71–72.
167. Miliukov, Istoriia, I, Pt. 1, 74.
168. Nalivaiskii, Petrogradskii Sovet, 118.
169. Ibid., 61–62.
170. Tokarev, Petrogradskii Sovet, 145–46.
171. Protocols of the Consultation in Tsapenko, Vserossiiskoe Soveshchanie; cf. Revoliutsiia, I, 162–63.
172. Tokarev, Petrogradskii Sovet, 148–52.
173. Its legislative output is assembled in the three-volume collection edited by Alexander Kerensky and Robert Browder, The Russian Provisional Government (Stanford, Cal., 1961).
174. R. Wojna, Walka o ziemie w Rosji w 1917 roku (Wroclaw, 1977), 79.
175. Revoliutsiia, I, 96.
176. K. G. Kotelnikov and V. L. Meller, eds., Krest’ianskoe dvizhenie v 1917 godu (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927).
177. John L. H. Keep, The Russian Revolution (London, 1976), 162–63.
178. Revoliutsiia, I, 84–85.
179. Tsentral’noe Statisticheskoe Upravlenie, Otdel Voennoi Statistiki, Rossiia v Mirovoi Voine 1914–1918 goda (v tsifrakh) (Moscow, 1925), 26.
180. Nabokov, Provisional Government, 135.
181. M. V. Vishniak, Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie (Paris, 1932), 73.
182. Sukhanov, Zapiski, II, 140.
183. Tsereteli, Vospominaniia, I, 40.
184. Marc Ferro in Pipes, Revolutionary Russia, 143–57, esp. 151.
185. Tokarev, Petrogradskii Sovet, 145.
186. KA, No. 3/22 (1927), 57.
187. L. Bazylow, Obalenie caratu (Warsaw, 1976), 376n.
188. Izvestiia, No. 15 (March 15/28, 1917), 1.
189. V. S. Vasiukov, Vneshniaia politika Vremennogo Pravitel’stva (Moscow, 1966), 87–88.
190. Text in Revoliutsiia, I, 195–96.
191. Miliukov, Vospominaniia, II, 345–46.
192. Revoliutsiia, I, 30–52, passim.
193. W. H. Chamberlin, The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921, I (New York, 1935), 85.
194. This development, the subject of my Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–23, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), will be treated at length in my forthcoming Russia under the New Regime.
195 V. V. Rozanov, Apokalipsis nashego vremeni (Berlin-Paris, 1917), 5. Written in 1917–18.
196. Denikin, Ocherki, I, Pt. 1, 54. This document remains unpublished.
197. KA, No. 3/22 (1927), 54; Martynov, Tsarskaia armiia, 187–89.
198. G. Buchanan, My Mission to Russia, II (Boston, 1923), 104.
199. Public Record Office, London, FO 371–3008, p. 1, Reel 22, Doc. 196482.
200. Revoliutsiia, I, 73–74, 76; Nalivaiskii, Petrogradskii Sovet, 29–30.
201. RL, No. 3 (1922), 96–97.
202. Ibid., 97–98.
203. KA, No. 20 (1927), 138. Description in Dembovskii, RL, No. 3 (1922), 87–88: here the event is mistakenly dated March 6.
204. Martynov, Tsarskaia armiia, 194.
205. Benckendorff, Last Days, 30–31.
206. KA, No. 3/22 (1927), 67.
207. Martynov, Tsarskaia armiia, 196–97.
208. Ibid., 197.
209. Reproduced in ibid., 200–1.
210. Kerensky, Catastrophe, 264–69; KA, No. 20 (1927), 140.
211. See, e.g., articles by Miliukov and “Dioneo” in PN, No. 4099 (June 12, 1932), 2.
212. Kenneth Rose, King George V (London, 1983), 211–14.
213. Public Record Office, London, FO 800–383, p. 32, April 7, 1917 (March 25 OS).
214. S. P. Melgunov, Sud’ba Imperatora Nikolaia II posle otrecheniia (Paris, 1951), 175.
215. Kerensky, Catastrophe, in.
216. Rozanov, Apokalipsis, 6.
217. Tsereteli, Vospominaniia, I, 124; Revoliutsiia, II, 74.
Chapter 9
1. Institut Marksizma-Leninizma, Khronologicheskii ukazatel’ proizvedenii V. I. Lenina, I (Moscow, 1959), 1–8.
2. Institut MELS, Vospominaniia rodnykh o V. I. Lenine (Moscow, 1955), 85.
3. On this, see Nikolai Valentinov, The Early Years of Lenin (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1969), 111–12.
4. A. I. Ulianova-Elizarova in Institut Marksizma-Leninizma, Vospominaniia o Vladimire Il’iche Lenine I (Moscow, 1956) 13.
5. Molodaia gvardiia, No. 1 (1924), 89.
6. A. I. Ulianova-Elizarova in Aleksandr Il’ich Ulianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 97, and V. Alekseev and A. Shver in Sem’ia Ulianovykh v Simbirske, 1896–1897 (Leningrad, 1925), 48–51.
7. V. Vodovozov in NChS, XII (1925), 175.
8. Valentinov, Early Years, 111–38 and 189–215, based on conversations with Lenin.
9. SR, XII, No. 36 (1934), 592–93.
10. K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, XXXIV (Berlin, 1966), 477.
11. This subject is treated at length in my Struve: Liberal on the Left, 1870–1905 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 28–51.
12. Richard Pipes in Pipes, ed., Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), 32.
13. Ulianova-Elizarova in Vospominaniia rodnykh, 29.
14. Marx and Engels, Werke, XXII, 509–27.
15. On this usage, see my article in SR, XXIII, No. 3 (1964), 441–58.
16. Lenin, PSS, I, 105; LS, XXXIII, 16.
17. Lenin, PSS, I, 312.
18. Karl Radek in Rabochaia Moskva, No. 92/656 (April 22, 1924).
19. A. N. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik proizvedenii (Paris, 1937), 294; R. H. B. Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent (London, 1935), 237; Angelica Balabanoff, Impressions of Lenin (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1964), 123.