Rusanov, Gabriel Andreyevict (1846-1907). Friend of Tolstoy, member of the Kharkov district court.
SALTYKOV'SnCHEDRIN, MlCHAEL EVGRAFOVICH (1826 89).
Author, impassioned liberal. Exiled in 1848 for his first novel, A Mixed-Up Affair; returned to St. Petersburg in 1856 and joined the civil service. Became vice-governor of Ryazan and then of Tver, while continuing to publish savagely satirical stories, entitled Provincial Sketches (1856) in the Russian Herald. In 1868 he resigned from the civil service to devote all his time to writing, and published a series of mordant books whose sharp wit left no class of Russian society unscathed: Pompadours and Pompadouresses (1867-73), The History) of a Town (1869-70), Innocent Tales (1869-86) and, most important of all, The Golovlyov Family (1876-80), an admirable, somber novel with a haunting tragic quality.
Samarin, Peter Fyodorovich (1830-1901). Landowner, Marshal of Nobility of the Tula district, friend of Tolstoy.
Sergeyenko, Alexis Petrovich (1886- ). Man of letters; Chertkov's secretary from 1906 to 1920. Wrote a book of recollections.
Sergeyenko, Peter Alexeyevich (1854-1930).
No relation to the preceding. Man of letters, admirer of Tolstoy, whom he first met in 1892. Published a large number of articles about him, and a book entitled How Leo Tolstoy Lives and Works.
snkarvan, Albert (1870-1926).
Initially, a military doctor of Slovak origin; disciple of Tolstoy.
Sollocub, Count Vladimir Alexandrovicii (1814-82).
Abandoned a diplomatic career for literature, joined the staff of The Contemporary. Wrote Tarantas (1845), The Pain of a Heart and Two Minutes.
Sologub, Fyodor KuzMicn. Pseudonym of Tyetyernikov (1863-1927). Poet and novelist; with Bryusov, Blok, Balmont and others, an outstanding exponent of the Russian symbolist school. In addition to his poems, written in a language of great beauty, he produced an important autobiographical novel, The Little Demon (1907).
Solovyov, Vladimir Sergkyevich (1853-1900). Theologian and philosopher; taught at Universities of Moscow and Petersburg, provoking violent reactions in rationalist circles. Preached the reconversion to Christianity of the lower classes; forced to resign after the assassination of Alexander II, for giving a lecture on the necessity of abolishing the death penalty. Barred from the classroom, he returned to
his cause via the pen. At first, disgusted by the money-corrupted West, he joined the Slavophils. But he soon discovered that the government identified absolute power with Orthodox Christianity, and he did not agree that Russia should become a "third Rome/' as Dostoievsky advocated. Toward the end of his life his sole preoccupation was the achievement of Christian union through the reconciliation of the Roman and Eastern Churches. His writings include The Justification of Good (1898). Russia and the Universal Church (1889), originally written and published in French, and his most important literary works, Three Conversations and The History of Anti-Christ (1900).
Stakiiovich, Michael Alexandrovich (1861-1923). Landowner, member of the imperial Duma and Council of 1907, close friend of Leo Tolstoy.
Stasov, Vladimir Vasilyevich (1824-1906).
Art and literary critic, Librarian of the St. Petersburg Public Library, where he met Tolstoy. Grew to be an admirer, more exactly a worshiper, of the man he called "Leo the Great."
Stasulevich, Michael Matveyevich (1826-1911). Liberal publicist, publisher of the F.uropean Herald.
Stolypin, Peter Arkadyevich (1862-1911).
As minister of the interior in 1904, he dealt energetically with the uprisings; but in 1906 he attempted to reconcile the peasants to the tsarist regime by enacting agricultural reforms. A sworn enemy of the revolutionaries, he was murdered by one at the Kiev Theater.
Strakhov, Fyodor Alexeyevich (1861-1925).
Author of a few philosophical essays inspired by Tolstoy, whose intimate friend he was.
Strakhov, Nicholas Nikolayevich (1828-96). Literary critic and idealistic philosopher. A close associate of Dostoyevsky on the staff of the periodicals The Time$f The Age and The Citizen, and author of the first biography on Dostoyevsky, published in 1883. A great admirer of Tolstoy, he labored devotedly on his behalf and, in particular, helped with the proofreading of War and Peace, Anna Karenind and the Readers. His correspondence with Tolstoy is fascinating.
Sui.erzhitsky, Leopold Antonovich (1872-1916).
Director of the Moscow Art Theater; Tolstoy's friend and admirer.
Suvorin, Alexis Sergeyevich (1834-1912).
Grandson of a serf. First schoolmaster, then journalist; became the director of the largest Russian daily newspaper, the reactionary New Times. An autodidact, he had a keen sense of business, built up a great publishing house and obtained a concession to operate newspaper stands in even railway station in Russia. Author and playwright, with a passion for literature.
Sytin, Ivan Dmitryevich (1851-1934). Famous publisher.
Tanayev, Sergey Ivanovich (1856-1915). Composer, professor at the Moscow Conservatory of Music, close friend of the Tolstoys. Sonya was very partial to him and Tolstoy took offense at this.
TcnAiKOVSKY, Peter Ilich (1840 93).
Famous composer. Met Tolstoy in December 1876.
Tretyakov, Paul Mikhailovich (1832-98). Founder of the Tretyakov Galleries in Moscow.
Trubetskoy, Paul Petrovicii (Paolo) (1867-1938).
Russian sculptor, bom and died in Italy; a portrait-artist of considerable talent, also sculpted family groups. His works include the statue of General Cadorna and the monument to Alexander III.
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich (1818-83).
Studied in Moscow and St. Petersburg, later in Berlin; his first prose composition, A Sportsman's Sketches (1847-52), strongly criticized serfdom. Confined to his estate because of an obituary notice he had written after Gogol's death; pardoned in 1854. lie spent most of the remainder of his life abroad, in France, where lie was more or less adopted into the family of Pauline Viardot-Garcia, the sister of Malibran and herself a well- known singer. Turgenev's talent, wit and culture won him the friendship of George Sand, M6rimЈc, Flaubert and others. He became a sort of ambassador of Russian literature in France, and of French literature in Russia. Translated Flaubert's Saint fulien VHospitalier and Herodias into Russian; M6rimee translated his Smoke into French. Although an expatriate, Turgenev invariably dealt with Russia in his novels of great psychological subtlety and highly polished style: Rudin (1856), A Nest of Gentlefolk (1859), Fathers and Sons (1862), Smoke (1867) and Virgin Soil (1877).
Tyutchev, Fyodor Ivanovich (1803-73).
After thirty-two years in the imperial diplomatic service and chancellery, he published a single volume of poetry. Influenced by the eighteenth- century poets Lomonosov and Dcrzhavin, he was first published in Pushkin's journal, The Contemporary (1836 37). He was noted in polities for his pan-Slavic views and in literature for an extremely pure style, a constant concern for the melody of words and a pronounced penchant for romanticism. At the end of the century, his poetry influenced the Russian symbolists.
Urusov, Alexander Ivanovich (1848-1900).
I.awyer and author; specialized in aesthetic questions.
ZuEMcmrznNiKOv, Alexis Mikhailovich (1821-1908).