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© Catriona Kelly 2001
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First published as an Oxford University Press paperback 2001
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ISBN 0–19–280144–9
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Very Short Introductions available now:
ADVERTISING • Winston Fletcher AFRICAN HISTORY • John Parker and Richard Rathbone AGNOSTICISM • Robin Le Poidevin AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS • L. Sandy Maisel THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY • Charles O. Jones ANARCHISM • Colin Ward
ANCIENT EGYPT • Ian Shaw
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY • Julia Annas ANCIENT WARFARE • Harry Sidebottom ANGLICANISM • Mark Chapman
THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE • John Blair ANIMAL RIGHTS • David DeGrazia ANTISEMITISM • Steven Beller
THE APOCRYPHAL GOSPELS • Paul Foster ARCHAEOLOGY • Paul Bahn
ARCHITECTURE • Andrew Ballantyne ARISTOCRACY • William Doyle
ARISTOTLE • Jonathan Barnes
ART HISTORY • Dana Arnold
ART THEORY • Cynthia Freeland
ATHEISM • Julian Baggini
AUGUSTINE • Henry Chadwick
AUTISM • Uta Frith
BARTHES • Jonathan Culler
BESTSELLERS • John Sutherland
THE BIBLE • John Riches
BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY • Eric H. Cline BIOGRAPHY • Hermione Lee
THE BOOK OF MORMON • Terryl Givens THE BRAIN • Michael O’Shea
BRITISH POLITICS • Anthony Wright BUDDHA • Michael Carrithers
BUDDHISM • Damien Keown
BUDDHIST ETHICS • Damien Keown CAPITALISM • James Fulcher
CATHOLICISM • Gerald O’Collins THE CELTS • Barry Cunliffe
CHAOS • Leonard Smith
CHOICE THEORY • Michael Allingham CHRISTIAN ART • Beth Williamson CHRISTIAN ETHICS • D. Stephen Long CHRISTIANITY • Linda Woodhead
CITIZENSHIP • Richard Bellamy
CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY • Helen Morales CLASSICS • Mary Beard and John Henderson CLAUSEWITZ • Michael Howard
THE COLD WAR • Robert McMahon
COMMUNISM • Leslie Holmes
CONSCIOUSNESS • Susan Blackmore CONTEMPORARY ART • Julian Stallabrass CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY • Simon Critchley COSMOLOGY • Peter Coles
THE CRUSADES • Christopher Tyerman CRYPTOGRAPHY • Fred Piper and Sean Murphy DADA AND SURREALISM • David Hopkins DARWIN • Jonathan Howard
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS • Timothy Lim DEMOCRACY • Bernard Crick
DESCARTES • Tom Sorell
DESERTS • Nick Middleton
DESIGN • John Heskett
DINOSAURS • David Norman
DIPLOMACY • Joseph M. Siracusa DOCUMENTARY FILM • Patricia Aufderheide DREAMING • J. Allan Hobson
DRUGS • Leslie Iversen
DRUIDS • Barry Cunliffe
THE EARTH • Martin Redfern
ECONOMICS • Partha Dasgupta
EGYPTIAN MYTH • Geraldine Pinch EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN • Paul Langford THE ELEMENTS • Philip Ball
EMOTION • Dylan Evans
EMPIRE • Stephen Howe
ENGELS • Terrell Carver
ENGLISH LITERATURE • Jonathan Bate EPIDEMIOLOGY • Roldolfo Saracci ETHICS • Simon Blackburn
THE EUROPEAN UNION • John Pinder and Simon Usherwood EVOLUTION • Brian and Deborah Charlesworth EXISTENTIALISM • Thomas Flynn
FASCISM • Kevin Passmore
FASHION • Rebecca Arnold
FEMINISM • Margaret Walters
FILM MUSIC • Kathryn Kalinak
THE FIRST WORLD WAR • Michael Howard FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY • David Canter FORENSIC SCIENCE • Jim Fraser
FOSSILS • Keith Thomson
FOUCAULT • Gary Gutting
FREE SPEECH • Nigel Warburton
FREE WILL • Thomas Pink
FRENCH LITERATURE • John D. Lyons THE FRENCH REVOLUTION • William Doyle FREUD • Anthony Storr
FUNDAMENTALISM • Malise Ruthven GALAXIES • John Gribbin
GALILEO • Stillman Drake
GAME THEORY • Ken Binmore
GANDHI • Bhikhu Parekh
GEOGRAPHY • John Matthews and David Herbert GEOPOLITICS • Klaus Dodds
GERMAN LITERATURE • Nicholas Boyle GERMAN PHILOSOPHY • Andrew Bowie GLOBAL CATASTROPHES • Bill McGuire GLOBAL WARMING • Mark Maslin
GLOBALIZATION • Manfred Steger THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL • Eric Rauchway HABERMAS • James Gordon Finlayson HEGEL • Peter Singer
HEIDEGGER • Michael Inwood
HIEROGLYPHS • Penelope Wilson
HINDUISM • Kim Knott
HISTORY • John H. Arnold
THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY • Michael Hoskin THE HISTORY OF LIFE • Michael Benton THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE • William Bynum THE HISTORY OF TIME • Leofranc Holford-Strevens HIV/AIDS • Alan Whiteside
HOBBES • Richard Tuck
HUMAN EVOLUTION • Bernard Wood HUMAN RIGHTS • Andrew Clapham
HUME • A. J. Ayer
IDEOLOGY • Michael Freeden
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY • Sue Hamilton INFORMATION • Luciano Floridi
INNOVATION • Mark Dodgson and David Gann INTELLIGENCE • Ian J. Deary
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION • Khalid Koser INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS • Paul Wilkinson ISLAM • Malise Ruthven
ISLAMIC HISTORY • Adam Silverstein JOURNALISM • Ian Hargreaves
JUDAISM • Norman Solomon
JUNG • Anthony Stevens
KABBALAH • Joseph Dan
KAFKA • Ritchie Robertson
KANT • Roger Scruton
KEYNES • Robert Skidelsky
KIERKEGAARD • Patrick Gardiner THE KORAN • Michael Cook
LANDSCAPES AND CEOMORPHOLOGY • Andrew Goudie and Heather Viles LAW • Raymond Wacks
THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS • Peter Atkins LEADERSHIP • Keth Grint LINCOLN • Allen C. Guelzo
LINGUISTICS • Peter Matthews
LITERARY THEORY • Jonathan Culler LOCKE • John Dunn
LOGIC • Graham Priest
MACHIAVELLI • Quentin Skinner
MARTIN LUTHER • Scott H. Hendrix THE MARQUIS DE SADE • John Phillips MARX • Peter Singer
MATHEMATICS • Timothy Gowers
THE MEANING OF LIFE • Terry Eagleton MEDICAL ETHICS • Tony Hope
MEDIEVAL BRITAIN • John Gillingham and Ralph A. Griffiths MEMORY • Jonathan K. Foster
MICHAEL FARADAY • Frank A. J. L. James MODERN ART • David Cottington
MODERN CHINA • Rana Mitter
MODERN IRELAND • Senia Paseta
MODERN JAPAN • Christopher Goto-Jones MODERNISM • Christopher Butler MOLECULES • Philip Ball
MORMONISM • Richard Lyman Bushman MUSIC • Nicholas Cook
MYTH • Robert A. Segal
NATIONALISM • Steven Grosby
NELSON MANDELA • Elleke Boehmer NEOLIBERALISM • Manfred Steger and Ravi Roy THE NEW TESTAMENT • Luke Timothy Johnson THE NEW TESTAMENT AS LITERATURE • Kyle Keefer NEWTON • Robert Iliffe