Notes
| 1. | Present passive participle задаваемый of задавать (to define, etc.). ↑ |
| 2. | Cf. note 5 under example 2 of this section. ↑ |
| 3. | Short form of the participle использованный; with было the verb is passive. ↑ |
| 4. | The past active participle писавший of писать (to write); it may also be rendered as "who wrote" or "who was writing," the latter expressing literally the imperfective aspect of the verb. ↑ |
| 5. | When a Western surname is introduced into Russian for the first time, the original spelling in the Roman alphabet used sometimes to follow the transliteration into Russian; this is rarely done today. ↑ |
| (7) |
Примеры § 1 показывают, что ряд может быть сходящимся,1 не будучи2 абсолютно сходящимся.1
The examples of § 1 show that a series can be convergent without being absolutely convergent.
Notes
| 1. | Instrumental case of the predicate following the simple past or simple future of быть. ↑ |
| 2. | Adverbial participle of быть. ↑ |
| Some Special Verbs |
Examples of a number of auxiliary verbs and forms, such as must, can, etc., will be given in this section. Please refer to the section concerning modals in The Verb for further discussion.
1. Если скоростью частицы нельзя пренебречь по сравнению со скоростью света c или энергией её нельзя пренебречь по сравнению с энергией покоящейся массы, то необходимо пользоваться формулой λD = ... → If the velocity of the particle is not negligible compared to the velocity of light, c, or if the energy is not negligible compared to the rest mass energy, then it is necessary to use the formula λD = ... (Literally, If one must not, or cannot, neglect the velocity of the particle in comparison to the velocity of light, c, or if one must not neglect the energy, etc.)
The English words "must," "ought to," and "should" may also be rendered by следует followed by the infinitive; the past is следовало бы (should have, ought to have); for example
2. Следует быть острожным при использовании этой формулы. → One must be careful in using this formula.
3. Вам следовало бы исключить сначала A, затем B. → You should have eliminated A first, and then B.
Note. Следует may also have its usual meaning "follows," for example
4. Из (2) следует, что ... → It follows from (2) that ...
5. Самодуальному тензору Gρσ можно сопоставить симметрический спинор второго ранга grs. → With a self-dual tensor Gρσ one can associate a symmetric spinor grs of rank two. (Or: It is possible to associate with a self-dual tensor Gρσ a symmetric spinor grs of rank two.)
6. Для заданного ε можно найти такое δ, что1 |I1| < ε/3 для всех значений n; зафиксировав2 это значение δ, можно найти такое n0 = n0(δ), что3 |I2| < ε/3 и |I3| < ε/3 при n > n0. → For given ε, we can find δ such that |I1| < ε/3 for all values of n; having fixed δ, we can find n0 = n0(δ) such that |I2| < ε/3 and |I3| < ε/3 for n > n0.
Notes
| 1. | Literally, "such а δ that"; this is the usual Russian construction. ↑ |
| 2. | Adverbial participle; note that фиксировать is both perfective and imperfective. ↑ |
| 3. | Same comment as in note 1. ↑ |
7. Может показаться, что такое явление трудно объяснить. → This phenomenon may seem difficult to explain.
8. Если бы мы имели в своём распоряжении большее число точных наблюдений, ... → If we could have at our disposal a large number of precise observations, ...
9. Если мы проинтегрируем функцию 1/(1 + x2) от 0 до ∞, мы сможем определить значение π. → If we integrate the function 1/(1 + x2) from 0 to ∞, we shall be able to determine the value of π.
10. Ответ на этот вопрос может дать ключ ко всей проблеме. → The answer to this question may give the key to the whole problem.
| The Adverb |
Unlike the noun and the adjective in Russian, the form of the adverb is invariable.
| A. Formation of the Adverb |