Let's note, that as the navigator and as the commander of the ship And. Ф. Крузенштерн had also excellent(different) experience. To compare battle(dashing) preparation Крузенштерна and Лисянского it is inconvenient; anyway, in Russian America Ю. Ф. Лисянскому, but not And. Ф. Крузенштерну, it was necessary to apply battle(dashing) skills.
It is possible is proved to assume, that on the moment of a beginning of preparation (began preparations of expedition(dispatch), instead of beginning of the navigation) only Ю. Ф. Лисянский was capable to decide(solve) the put and arising tasks.
Some judgements we shall state and concerning the period direct плаваний.
In what the functions And consist. Ф. Крузенштерна as chief of expedition(dispatch) - clearly from information sources it is not clear. The joint navigation of the sailing ships not always was convenient: it required(demanded) significant time for coordination.
And "'Victoria" under a management(manual) Хуана Себастьяна дель Кано, and ' Gold лань ' Фрэнсиса Дрейка финишировали in loneliness.
The format partly of joint navigation, certainly, rendered some psychologically stabilizing influence on the captains Крузенштерна and Лисянского.
The author has no an opportunity to familiarize with the text of the instruction, определявшей of power And. Ф. Крузенштерна, but from information sources follows, that on the fact it(he) carried out fragmentary coordinating functions.
Most interesting consists that from the formal party, And. Ф. Крузенштерн - like - was not the chief of expedition(dispatch).
' On July 10, 1803 Н. Item. Резанов was nominated by the Russian ambassador in Japan. The instructions authorized Александром I. (...) In general since were given to it(him) was found out, that Резанов will participate personally in expeditions(dispatches) both the seaman have appeared as though in a shadow ' [Штейнберг Е. Л.].
' The First skirmish has taken place in Copenhagen, where Резанов has refused to take in the retinue Лангсдорфа. But obstinate Крузенштерн categorically insisted, and, not wishing to aggravate the attitudes(relation), the envoy has conceded ' [Фирсов And. И.].
' ... After some weeks after departure from Kronstadt Резанов have declared the rights on a management(manual) of the First Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Thus it(he) has showed(presented) Крузенштерну the instruction authorized Александром I. In it(her) the following was spoken: ' Сии both vessels with the officers and служителями, in a service of the company taking place, it are charged to the heads to yours '. However this instruction was latent from Крузенштерна. For the first time it(he) has seen her(it) on Тенерифе, when the ships were far from coast of Russia.
In turn at Крузенштерна there was an instruction Российско of the American company, which assigned to him(it) a management(manual) of expedition(dispatch) and general(common) командование by the ships. The application Резанова, announced on Тенерифе, that it(he) ' the chief of both courts ', deeply has exasperated Крузенштерна, and it(he) has refused to obey the envoy. However on an island Св. Екатерины Резанов again has started talking about the rights to a management(manual) of expedition(dispatch). Крузенштерн has put about these claims in popularity Румянцева and Чичагова and has addressed with the vast letter to Александру I, in which informed, that "'противоборствовать" to all attempts Резанова will interfere with his(its) management(manual) of navigation and. Never will agree to recognize legitimacy of the instruction of the envoy. Intense conditions created from behind the claims Резанова, it(he) continued, ' exhausts forces human '. In Петропавловске on Kamchatka Крузенштерн was going to hand over командование by courts to other officers. It is the ultimatum ' was [Пасецкий In. М.].
' Крузенштерн dissembled. It(he) perfectly knew about the decision Александра I. In Kronstadt it(him) has informed Резанов about highest will. The government of the company in the instruction wrote to it(him), Крузенштерну, about Резанове, that ' authorizing his(its) complete master's person not only in time вояжа, but also in America ', obliged Крузенштерна: ' you will not leave to be guided by his(its) advice(councils) in all ' ' [Фирсов And. И.].
So, we can ascertain, that on expedition(dispatch) three centres of authority (троецентрие) were objectively created.
Itself многоцентрие, but in a format not троецентрия, and двоецентрия, at all is not than that unique. In depth of a history we notice, for example, two Roman consuls. In epoch Александра I, ambassador of a beginning of Domestic war of 1812, we see concerning equal in rights Багратиона and Барклая де Толли. Probably, it is possible to recollect and commissioners, which in some periods could cancel the orders of the commanders.
С. Item. Мельгунов has named the book ' Александр I. A sphynx on престоле '.
In троецентрии we can see a mysterious smile of a Sphynx.
Whether was rational мотивировка троецентрия?
Probably, it is possible to speak about the following rational substantiations трехцентричного of management:
(1) Priorities of embassy (state task).
The note: after ' wars of nerves ' and self-isolation Н. Item. Резанова at itself in a cabin the management of expedition(dispatch) becomes двуцентричным де факто.
Двуцентричным де юре the management of expedition(dispatch) becomes from the moment of end of attempts of accommodation of embassy in Japan, оставления Резановым "of 'Hope" (1805) and direction Н. Item. Резанова in Russia through Siberia (in ways Н. Item. Резанов has died of illness in 1807).
Полицентричность (двуцентричность) "'обнуляется" after an output(exit) from Кантона and passage by the ships of cape of Kind Hope. The ships have lost each other from a kind, and further moved independently from each other on various trajectories.
(2) Полицентричность promoted взаимодополнению. In the certain periods of navigation (both captains are especial in the initial period) worked in common, that allowed the beginning captains (rather beginning) to lean(base) on cooperation and mutual aid, accumulating experience. In foreign ports two ships looked more solidly, than one.
(3) Полицентричность provided the mutual control.
(4) Полицентричность formed an atmosphere соревновательности. Though aspiration Ю. Ф. Лисянского to independent navigation soon after passage of cape of Kind Hope also can cause some questions, it, this aspiration, was programmed itself полицентричностью of management of expedition(dispatch).
' Intense conditions created from behind the claims Резанова, ... ' exhausts forces human '. In Петропавловске on Kamchatka Крузенштерн was going to hand over командование by courts to other officers. It was the ultimatum.
In the letter to the sea minister of item. In. Чичагову Лисянский wrote: ' Предпринявши вояж around of light under командою of my friend, ... I токмо expected minute of this important subject, but in islands Маркизских all has turned to dream. There. Резанов has announced to us publicly, that it(he) is our chief. Рисковавши every minute by life for glory ours государя and Fatherland, whether it was possible to us to expect командующего of the so important expedition(dispatch), which before сим did not see almost sea? ' The Commander "of 'Neva" has addressed to the Main government Российско of the American company and to the minister of commerce Румянцеву with the request to dismiss it(him) from командования by a vessel ' or to exclude from command from which, except for the unfortunate end of all our works nothing can be expected '. However applications Крузенштерна and Лисянского about a resignation were not taken into account. Румянцев, at which the documents враждующих of the parties converged, not only has not made neither envoy, nor officers of any reproach, but even has taken care of, that they have received the awards. In comparison with success of navigation of the ships from Kronstadt to Kamchatka and северо this quarrel was represented to western coast of America not so already by significant event. Румянцев did not consider(count) Крузенштерна as the originator of misunderstanding. Moreover, Румянцев has made Крузенштерна by the scientific adviser on sea and polar researches and has kept the friendly attitudes(relations) with it(him) about last days of the life ' [Пасецкий In. М.].