Ghez, Andrea, 7
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, 185
Goodstein, David L., 172
Gravitation (Misner, Thorne, Wheeler), 22, 147
gravitational collapse, see collapse of stars
‘Gravitational Collapse and Space-Time Singularities’ (Penrose), 16, 152
gravitational wave, 7, 151, 156
gravity, 1–5, 23, 40–41, 70–71
as emergent from quantum theory, 191, 236, 245, 261
as geometry, 41, 46, 72, 79, 81
great circle, 59–60, 76
greedy geodesic, 260–61
Gullstrand, Allvar, 107
Hafele–Keating experiment, 24, 27–8
Hafele, Joseph, 24
Hamilton, Andrew, 107
happiest thought, Einstein’s, 70, 78
HaPPY code, 259–61
Hardy, Lucien, 212
Harlow, Daniel, 258–9
Hawking radiation, 17–18, 187, 191–5
entanglement with black hole, 218–25, 229–32, 246–51
information content, 17–19, 220–5, 253
Hawking temperature, 17, 186–90, 195–6
Hawking, Stephen
1971 work, 148
1973 work, 2, 187–90
1974 work, 16–18, 186, 190, 201
1975 work, 22, 190, 194, 234
area theorem, 148, 188–9
bets, 18–19, 144, 238
on time travel, 141
Hayden, Patrick, 229
heat, 165–70
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, 12, 191–2
Heisenberg, Werner, 12
Hewish, Antony, 4
higher-dimensional spaces, 41–4, 119–22, 234–5
Hollowood, Tim, 246–7
hologram, 232
holographic principle, 182, 227, 232–8
horizon, 69
event, 1–2, 9, 11
inner and outer, 132, 135–6, 148
Rindler, 69, 114, 231
hyperspace, 119
inertial reference frame, 27, 55
infinity on Penrose diagrams, 46–74
future lightlike, ℑ⁺, 53, 73–4
future timelike, i ⁺, 56–7, 73–4
past lightlike, ℑ⁻, 53, 73–4
past timelike, i ⁻, 56–7, 73–4
spacelike, i ⁰, 56, 73–4
information
and area, 179–82, 189, 232–3
and entanglement, 20, 217–19, 224
and reality, 18, 20, 255, 262
apparent absence in Hawking radiation, 17–18, 202
emergence in Hawking radiation, 18–19, 220–25, 253
encoding, 20, 226, 231–3, 254–61
information paradox, 17–19, 201–8
and entanglement, 218–20
and holography, 237–8
and quantum wormholes, 251–3
Page curve vs. Hawking curve, 224–7
information theory, 177–9
iNSPIRE database, 234
Internal Constitution of Stars, The (Eddington), 12
International Space Station, 41, 70
Interstellar (film), 97
interval (spacetime), 27–9, 32–40, 43
as fundamental, 29, 37
as invariant, 28–9, 37–40, 54
in curved spacetimes, 77–8
Schwarzschild, 83–6
three sorts, 33
invariant quantity, 29
island, quantum extremal, 248–53
Jenkinson, Ross, 97
jiggling, 167, 171, 191
quantum, 5, 12–14
Joule, James Prescott, 165–7
Keating, Richard, 24
Kelvin, Lord, 166
Kerr black hole, 131–48, 189
Kerr solution, 131–3, 149–51
Kerr wonderland, 139–42
Kerr, Roy, 131, 149
Knight, Nick, 25–8
Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates, 115, 117–18
Kruskal, Martin, 117
Kumar, S. Prem, 246
Kwiat, Paul, 212
Landau, Lev, 13
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 9–10
Large Hadron Collider, 25, 234
‘Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories …, the’ (Maldacena), 234
Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, The (Hawking, Ellis), 2
Laws of Thermodynamics, The (Atkins), 168
Legramandi, Andrea, 246
Lemaître, Georges, 5, 107
light cone, 31, 34–40, 45
Kerr, 134–5
on Penrose diagrams, 51–2, 74
Schwarzschild, 89–93
lightlike separation of events, 34
LIGO, gravitational wave detector, 7
Lisle, Jason, 107
‘Little Green Men-1’, 4
M87 galaxy, 5–6, 93–7, 103
Mach, Ernst, 185
Maldacena, Juan, 233–40, 245–6
Marolf, Donald, 228
mathematics, ‘The miracle of the appropriateness of …’, 20
Mathur, Samir, 226
matter, rigidity of, 4
maximal entanglement, 223, 242, 259
maximal spacetime, 117
Kerr, 138–42
Schwarzschild, 115–18, 122–30
Maxwell, James Clerk, 25, 171
Maxwell’s equations, 25–6
Mercator projection, 48–54, 59–60
metric, 81–3
Earth, 96
Schwarzschild, 83–4, 128
visual analogy, 120, 235
Michell, John, 9–10
Milky Way, 1
minimal surface, 244
Minkowski spacetime, 49–51, 67, 157–8
Minkowski, Herman, 49–51
Misner, Thorne, Wheeler, Gravitation, 22, 147
Modern Classical Physics (Thorne, Blandford), 29
monogamy of entanglement, 230
Montreal Biosphere, 76–7
Morris, Michael, 129
naked singularity, 142–5, 156, 161
neutrinos, 14
neutron degeneracy pressure, 13
neutron star, 4–5, 7–8, 14
density, 11
escape velocity, 9
mass limit, 5, 14
neutrons, 5, 14
Newton, Isaac
absolute space, time and motion, 23
theory of gravity, 23, 157
Newtonian argument for a black hole, 10
no-cloning theorem, 227
Nobel Prizes, 7, 14, 16, 107, 166–7, 203
Noether, Amalie Emmy, 146
non-Euclidean geometry, 44, 67, 76–7, 119, 235
nuclear fusion, thermonuclear, 3, 12, 15
number of arrangements, 171–8, 221–2
Nurse, Paul, 166
‘On Dense Matter’ (Fowler), 12
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 14–15, 151
order of events, 37–40
Page curve, 223–5, 228–30, 246–51
Page time, 223–4
Page, Don, 22, 220, 225
Painlevé, Paul, 107
Paley, William, 19–20
paradox, 208
crossing event horizon, 11, 15
information, 17–19, 201–8, 218–53
time machine, 140–41
twin, 64–6, 79
particle accelerator, 25, 57
‘Particle Creation by Black Holes’ (Hawking), 22, 190, 194, 234
particles, 4, 12, 19–20, 191–2
Hawking, 16–17; see also Hawking radiation
virtual, 17, 193–4; see also vacuum fluctuations
Pastawski, Fernando, 259
Pauli Exclusion Principle, 12
Pauli, Wolfgang, 12
Penrose diagram, 45, 49–56
evaporating black hole, 203–5
exploring with immortal observers, 57–69, 94–105
Kerr black hole, 136–40, 142–3
real black hole formation, 157–61
Schwarzschild black hole, 91–5, 112–18
with two space dimensions, 72–74
Penrose process, 145–8, 195
Penrose–Hawking singularity theorem, 155–6
Penrose, Roger
on black hole formation, 7, 16, 152–5
on naked singularities, 142
Perrin, Jean Baptiste, 167
photons, 17, 179–80, 183, 212
as fish, 108–11, 133
energy–wavelength relation, 180
pixels, Planckian, 181
Planck length, 181, 184
Planck, Max, 184
Planckian pixels, 181
Podolsky, Boris, 245
Poincaré disk, 235, 255, 260–61
Polchinski, Joseph, 226, 228, 231
Preskill, John, 229, 259
bets, 19, 144, 238
Price, Richard H., 151
Principia Mathematica (Newton), 23, 157
Principle of Maximal Ageing, 66, 79–80
probability, quantum, 191–2, 211
protons, 14, 20, 25
pulsar, 4
Pythagoras’ theorem, 76–7, 80–82
quantum (mechanics/physics/theory), 12, 191–3, 210–18
book, 218, 224
computing, 20–21, 255–63
conformal field, 236, 240
entanglement, 20, 208–18, 254–5
entanglement entropy, 222–4, 242–51
error correction, 255–62
extremal surface (QES), 248–9