Table of Contents
Britannica
Student
Encyclopedia
Volume 1 ..........................................A
Volume 2...........................................B
Volume 3 ..........................................C
Volume 4......................................D, E
Volume 5 ......................................F, G
Volume 6 ......................................H, I
Volume 7 ..................................J, K, L
Volume 8 .........................................M
Volume 9.....................................N, O
Volume 10.........................................P
Volume 11 ...................................Q, R
Volume 12 .........................................S
Volume 13.........................................T
Volume 14 ...................................U, V
Volume 15..........................W, X, Y, Z
Volume 16 ..............................INDEX
Britannica
Student
Encyclopedia
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Volume 1
EDITOR
Mary Rose McCudden
SENIOR EDITORS
Michael J. Anderson
Andrea R. Field
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Heather M. Campbell
Sherman Hollar
Sandra Langeneckert
Gene O. Larson
Robert M. Lewis
Sarah Forbes Orwig
Amy Tikkanen
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Joan Hibler
COPY DEPARTMENT
Sylvia Wallace, Director
Glenn Jenne, Supervisor
Julian Ronning, Supervisor
Laura M. Browning, Copy Editor
John Cunningham, Copy Editor
Michael Ray, Copy Editor
Sue Schumer, Copy Editor
Dennis Skord, Supervisor
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
AND RETRIEVAL
Carmen-Maria Hetrea, Director
Paul Cranmer, Retrieval Specialist
Mansur Abdullah, Classifier
Noelle Borge, Content Analyst
Wang-fai Wong, Content Analyst
COMPOSITION TECHNOLOGY
AND DESIGN
Steven N. Kapusta, Director
Carol A. Gaines, Composition Supervisor
Cate Nichols, Composition Coordinator
Lara C. Mondae, Designer
ART
Susana Darwin, Associate Managing
Editor
Kathy Nakamura, Photo Department
Manager
Karen M. Koblik, Senior Photo Editor
Nicole DiGiacomo, Photo Editor
Illustrators
David Alexovich, Illustration Manager
Thomas J. Spanos, Lead Illustrator
Christine McCabe, Senior Illustrator
Jerry Kraus, Senior Illustrator
Katherine D. Burgess, Illustrator
Claudiu Varan, Illustrator
Judie Anderson, Fable and Mythology
Illustrations
Media Asset Management
Jeannine Deubel, Manager
Kimberly Cleary, Media Assets Supervisor
Kurt Heintz, Senior Technician
Nadia Venegas, Assistant Media
Coordinator
CARTOGRAPHY
Michael Nutter, Senior Map Editor
PRODUCTION CONTROL
Marilyn L. Barton, Senior Coordinator
EDITORIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Steven Bosco, Director
Bruce Walters, Senior Systems Coordinator
Mark Wiechec, Principal Engineer
PUBLISHING TECHNOLOGIES
Lisa S. Braucher, Data Editor
MANUFACTURING
Kim Gerber, Director
ENCYCLOP.DIA BRITANNICA
Jacob E. Safra,
Chairman of the Board
Jorge Aguilar-Cauz,
President
Michael Ross,
Senior Vice President Corporate
Development
Dale H. Hoiberg,
Senior Vice President and Editor
Marsha Mackenzie,
Managing Editor and Director of
Production
Anita Wolff,
Executive Editor
Staff
2010 Britannica Student Encyclopedia
Copyright © 2010 by Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.
Britannica, Encyclop.dia Britannica, and the thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.
All rights reserved. Copyright under International Copyright Union
No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009904642
Britannica may be accessed at http://www.britannica.com on the Internet.
International Standard Book Number: 978-1-61535-363-7
eBook edition January, 2010
How to go to your page
This eBook contains ................volumes. Each volume has its own page
numbering scheme, consisting of a volume number and a page number,
separated by a colon.
For example, to go to page 5 of Volume 1, type V..:5 in the "page #" box
at the top of the screen and click "Go." To go to page 5 of Volume 2,
type V2:5 and so forth.
The 16 volumes of the Britannica Student Encyclopedia from
Encyclop.dia Britannica contain articles on more than 2,200 topics.
The articles are arranged in alphabetical order from
How to Use the Britannica
Student Encyclopedia
Getting Started
There are several ways to find the information you
want.
If you are looking for a particular title you can go
to the volume that contains articles that start with
the same letter and search for your topic there. For
example, if you want to read the article on the
American Revolution, you can go to the A volume.
The words at the top of each page tell you
which article is on that page. When you are looking
for an article you can page through quickly by
looking at those words.
Sometimes there are different ways of naming the
same subject. A feature called a title cross-reference
can help guide you to the title that we have used.
For example, if you look for an article called Car
in the C volume you will find a note that says
Aardvark in Volume 1 to Zuni in Volume 15.
The last volume is the index.
Then you can look for the Automobile article in
the A volume.
You can also search for your topic in the index. If
there is an article on your topic the index will tell
you which volume and page number to go to to
find that article. Sometimes a topic does not have
its own article, but you can still find information
about that topic in the encyclopedia. The index
can tell you where you can find that information.
For example, if you look up the topic dragon in
the index you will see that there is information
about dragons in the article called Animals,
Legendary even though there is no article on
dragons.
Car
#see Automobile.
Article Features
In addition to the text of the articles, there are
many special features that add information.
Most articles have at least one photograph, illustration,
or map. Many have more than one.
At the end of most articles, there is a feature called
More to explore. This feature tells you which
articles to go to to get more information about the
topic or about something that was mentioned in
the article.
Did You Know? boxes provide quick facts about
many different articles throughout the set.
Certain articles have additional special features.
The continents, countries, U.S. states, and
Canadian provinces have colored backgrounds to
tell you what kind of unit it is. The continents are
purple, the countries are yellow, and the states and
provinces are green. These articles also have fact
boxes. The fact boxes contain basic information,
including population and area figures.
Some of the countries also have timelines of major
events in the countrys history.
The U.S presidents have timelines of major events
in the lives of each president.
4 How to Use the Britannica Student Encyclopedia BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
kept slaves of their own. These slaves
worked on large farms that supplied