› adres-o, adres-iz-ar.
We cannot derive the verb to brush, from brush; the root is the verb of action, brosar, and the noun broso can only mean the act of brushing; a brush requires the affix of instrument -iclass="underline" bros-il-o.
But in addition to the affixes that can only be affixes, many roots are used as affixes, forming then a kind of compound word. Thus the root ag- of the verb meaning to act, do, wield, is used with many names of instruments, when it was necessary to take the instrument as the first root; e.g. we say a hammer, to hammer, the second being evidently derived from the first. We therefore have to use the root -agar to play the part of an affix:
› Martel-o, martel-agar, or martel-uzar.
This verb, meaning to hammer, is a transitive verb, that can be followed by an object.
› Il martel-agis la pikturo, He hammered (at) the picture.
In the same way we have:
› klef-agar, to lock;
› buton-agar, to button;
› fren-agar, to apply the brake;
› pedal-agar, to pedal.
In addressing noble persons, etc., the word Sinior(ul)o (or Siniorino) is used, and if necessary followed by the name of the dignity:
› Sinioro Rejo, me humile pregas…
› Sinioro Episkopo di London.
› Siniorino Komto (The Countess…)
› Yes, Sinioro, Yes, your Honor, your Worship.
The final a of la and of adjectives, particularly derived adjectives in -al, may be dropped when no confusion in sense can arise
› il parolis a l’infanto.
› la nacional sentimento.
The accent remains on the same syllable as if the a was inserted.
The definite article may be contracted with certain prepositions:
dal = da la
del = de la
dil = di la
al = a la
Grammatical Index
(Topic — Lesson)
Accent Pron.
Accusative of qua, qui, quo IV.
Ad, ed, od I.
Adjectives III.
Adjectives, indefinite II.
Adverbs of manner II.
Age (conversation) VI.
Alphabet Pron.
Any X.
Article, indefinite I.
Auxiliaries: do, did I.
to have VII.
to be VIII.
By after passive verb VIII.
Comparison II.
Compound words Pron.
Conjunctions, compound IX.
Conjunctions formed from prepositions IX.
Conjunctions, mood and tense governed by IX.
Consonants Pron.
Derivation, adjectives and nouns V.
Di, de, da VIII.
Do, did I.
Elision I.
Fractions VI.
Multiples VI.
Not I.
Nouns I.
Nouns, participles as VIII.
Numerals VI.
Possessive case V.
Prepositions, sense of IX.
Pronouns, demonstrative V.
Pronouns, interrogative and relative IV.
Pronouns, personal II.
Pronouns, plural adjectives as IV.
Pronouns, possessive III.
Pronouns, reflexive II.
Pronouns, relative IV.
Pronunciation Pron.
Questions I.
Some X.
Verbs, emphatic form VII.
Verbs, participle as a noun VIII.
Verbs, passive voice VIII.
Verbs, passive voice translated by on VIII.
Verbs, perfect tense VII., VIII.
Verbs, progressive form VII.
Vowels Pron.
Whose V.
Ye IX.