2 For bibliography see G. Gonnet and A. Hugon, Bibliografia Valdese, Torre Pellice, 1953 (Bollettino della Società di Studi Valdesi, No. 93) and G. Gonnet, Sulle fonti del Valdismo medioevale, in Protestantesimo, vol. XII, Rome, 1957, pp. 17–32. The beginnings of the movement are described in C. Thouzellier, Catharisme et Valécisme en Languedoc à la fin du xiie siècle, Paris, 1966, and K.-V. Selge, Die ersten Waldenser, 2 vols., Berlin, 1967. As a general survey the fourth edition of E. Comba, Storia dei Valdesi, Torre Pellice and Turin, 1950, remains valuable. A fine collection of texts on this as on other movements, in English translation, is contained in: W. L. Wakefield and A. P. Evans, Heresies of the high middle ages, New York and London, 1969.
3 Matthew 19:21.
4 Tractatus de haeresi Pauperum de Lugdutto, printed without author’s name in E. Martène and U. Durand, Thesaurus anecdotorum, vol. V, Paris, 1727. The relevant passages are at cols. 1779-80, 1782.
5 Cf K. Schrödl, Passavia sacra, Passau, 1879, pp. 242-3; and H. Haupt, “Waldensertum und Inquisition im sudöstlichen Deutschland bis zur Mitte des 14ten Jahrhunderts”, in Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft, vol. I, Freiburg in Breisgau, 1890, pp. 306 seq. and 322-8; E. Tomek, Kirchen-geschichte Oesterreichs, Innsbruck, Vienna, Munich, 1935, p. 215; P. P. Bernard, “Heresy in fourteenth century Austria”, in Medievalia et Humanistica, vol. X, Boulder, Colorado, 1956, pp. 50 seq.
6 Anonymi auctoris brevis narratio...., in H. Pez, Scriptores rerum Austriacarum, vol. II, cols. 533-6. An expanded version is in Annales Matseenses, in MGSS vol. IX, pp. 825-6.
7 Annales Matseenses, loc. cit
8 Cf. B. Dudík, Iter Romanum, vol. II, Vienna, 1855, pp. 136-41, which includes the text of the bull.
9 John of Winterthur, Chronica, in MGSS, new series, vol. III, pp. 144-5.
10 Gesta archiepiscoporum Magdeburgensium, in MGSS vol. XIV, p. 434.
11 John of Winterthur, op. cit., p. 151.
12 Cf. H. Haupt, “Husitische Propaganda in Deutschland”, in Historisches Taschenbuch, 6th series, 7th year, Leipzig, 1888, p. 237; D. Kurze, “Zur Ketzergeschichte der Mark Brandenburg und Pommerns vornehmlich im 14 Jahrhundert: Luziferianer, Putzkeller und Waldenser”, in Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands, vol. 16–17, Berlin, 1968, pp. 50–94.
13 John of Winterthur, op. cit., p. 145.
14 Nicolas Eymeric, Directorium Inquisitorum, Rome, 1578, p. 206.
15 For the transcript of the interrogation see Processus contra Valdenses, Pauperes de Lugduno...., ed. G. Amati, in Archivo storico italiano, vol. I, 2, pp. 16–52, and vol. II, 1, pp. 3-61 (both Florence, 1865). For the relevant passages of Antonio Galosna’s confession see vol. II, pp. 3, 9, 12–31. See also C. Cantù, Gli Eretici d'Italia, vol. I, Turin, 1865, pp. 83-6; G. Boffito, “Eretici in Piemonte al tempo del gran scisma (1378–1417)”, in Studi e Documenti di Storia e Diritto, 18th year, Rome, 1896, pp. 381–431 (esp. pp. 387, 407-8); and G. Gonnet, “Casi di sincretismo ereticale in Piemonte nei secoli XIV e XV”, in Bollettino della Società di Studi Valdesi (Bulletin de la société d’histoire vaudoise), vol. CVIII, Torre Pellice, i960.
16 Cf. Amati’s introduction to the Processus, pp. 14–15. For the sentence see Instrumentum Sententiae late per Dominum Inquisitorem contra duos Valdenses, ed. G. M. di San Giovanni, in Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, vol. XV, Turin, 1876, pp. 75–84. For the trial of 1451: G. Weitzecker, “Processo di un valdese nell’Anno 1451”, in La Rivista Cristiana, vol. IX, Florence, Turin, Rome, 1881, pp. 363-7.
17 On this episode see J. Chevalier, Mémoire historique sur les hérésies en Dauphiné, Valence, 1890, and J. Marx, L’Inquisition en Dauphiné, Paris, 1914.
18 J. Marx, op. cit., p. 170.
19 Ibid., pp. 26-7.
20 Gabriel Martin, Inscription en faux....contre le livre intitulé: De la puissance du pape....par le sieur Marc Vulson, Grenoble, 1640, pp. 219-31. The archival sources on which Martin claims to base his account are lost; but the account is confirmed by other archival sources studied by Marx (see Marx, op. cit., p. 26, n. 1).
21 Cf. Amati, op. cit., vol. I, 2, p. 40.
22 Franciscus Marcus, Decisiones aureae, Lyons, 1584, vol. II, p. 362.
23 A transcript of the interrogation is in the Morland collection of Waldcnsian manuscripts in Cambridge University Library: Dd. III. 26 (c) H 6. It is printed in Peter Allix, Ancient Churches of Piedmont, London, 1690, pp. 307-17.
24 Marx, op. cit., p. 26, n. 6.
25 For the record of the interrogations and confessions see Processus contra hereticos de opinione dampnata existentes, coram dominis deputatis ad instantiam domini Antonii de Eugubio procuratoris fiscal is factus, in F. Ehrle, “Die Spiritualen, ihr Verhältnis zum Franziskanerorden und zu den Fraticellen”, Archiv für Literatur- and Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters, vol. IV, Freiburg in Breisgau, 1888, pp. 110-38. The same document is also in A. Dressel, Vier Documente aus römischen Archiven, 2nd edn., Berlin, 1872, pp. 3-48. Ehrle’s edition is the more accurate; and the references below are all to this edition. However, Dressel, at pp. 18–25, gives the text of a letter from the commissioners to the pope, summarizing the results of the interrogations, which is not to be found in Ehrle.
26 e.g. Ehrle, op. cit., pp. 135-8, and R. Guarnieri, Il Movimento del libero spirito, Rome, 1965, p. 480.
27 On the Fraticelli see D. L. Douie, The nature and the effect of the heresy of the Fraticelli, Manchester, 1932, and the briefer accounts in M. Reeves, The influence of prophecy in the later middle ages, Oxford, 1969, pp. 212-28; and G. Leff, Heresy in the later middle ages, Manchester and New York, 1967, vol. I, pp. 230-55. The particular group of Fraticelli considered here figures only in Douie, pp. 243-6.
28 Text in Processus, pp. 112-16.
29 Ibid., p. 117.
30 Ibid., p. 127.
31 Ibid., p. 118.
32 Ibid., p. 121
33 Ibid., p. 126.
34 Ibid., p. 126.
35 Ibid., pp. 120, 129.
36 Ibid., p. 130.