11 G. Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English, London, 1962, p. 124.
12 Ibid., pp. 140-1.
13 For recent accounts see G. B. Caird, Principalities and Powers: a study in Pauline theology, Oxford, 1956, and H. A. Kelly, op. cit.
14 John 8:44.
15 II Corinthians 4:4.
16 Acts 26:18.
17 I Corinthians 10:20. The Greek text of the New Testament uses “diabolos” for Satan only. For a lesser evil spirit the word is “daimon” which, though the Revised Version renders it as “devil”, ought to be translated as “demon”.
18 John 12:31.
19 John 16:11.
20 Hebrews 2:14.
21 I Peter 5:8.
22 Revelation 20:10.
23 I Enoch 69:4–6 (Charles, op. cit., vol. II, p. 233).
24 Latin Vita, 9, 1 (Ibid., p. 136); Apocalypsis Mosis, 16–20 (Ibid., pp. 145-6).
25 Ephesians 6:12; cf. Ephesians 2:2.
26 Augustine, Enarratio in Psalmum cxlviii, 9 (Pat. lat., vol. 37, col. 1943).
27 Augustine, De divinatione daemonum, cap. iii, 7 (Pat. lat., vol. 40, cols. 584-5).
28 Ephesians 6:12.
29 Irenaeus, Adversus haereses, lib. V, cap. xxiv.
30 Tertullian, Apologeticum, cap. xxii.
31 Origen, Contra Celsum, lib. VIII, 31-2.
32 Justin, Apologia I, 55 seq.
33 Justin, Apologia I, 5, 12 and 14; Origen, Exhortatio ad martyrium, 18 and 32 (Pat. graec., vol. 11, cols. 585-8, 603).
34 Cyprian, Liber de unitate Ecclesiae, 15 (Pat. lat., vol. 4, col. 527).
35 Jerome, Liber contra Vigilantium, 9 (Pat. lat., vol. 23, cols. 363-4).
36 Tertullian, Apologeticum, cap. xxiii; Cyprian, Ad Demetrianum, 15 (Pat. lat., vol. 4, cols. 574-5).
37 Sulpicius Severus, Dialogus III, cap. vi.
38 Shepherd of Hermas, Mandates VII and XII.
39 Irenaeus, Adversus haereses, lib. II, cap. xxxii.
40 Tertullian, Apologeticum, cap. xxiii.
41 Origen, Homilia in librum Jesu Nave, XV (Pat. graec., vol. 12, cols. 897 seq.).
42 Theodoret, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. V, cap. xxi.
43 Gregory the Great, Dialogi, lib. III, cap. vii.
44 Acta Sanctorum, 5 August, para. 9.
45 Caesarius of Heisterbach, Dialogus miraculorum, Book III, chapter 26. A convenient edition of the Dialogus in Latin is that by J. Strange, 2 vols., Cologne, 1851. There is an English translation by H. von Scott and C. C. Swinton Bland, 2 vols., London, 1929. On the demonological aspects of the work see Ph. Schmidt, Der Teufels- und Dämonenglaube in den Erzählungen des Caesarius von Heisterbach, Basel, 1926.
46 Ibid., Book V, chapter 2.
47 Ibid., Book III, chapters 6, 7.
48 Ibid., Book V, chapter 5.
49 Ibid., Book V, chapter 7.
50 Ibid., Book V, chapter 44.
51 Ibid., Book V, chapter 42.
52 Ibid., Book V, chapter 18.
53 Ibid., Book V, chapter 17.
54 Ibid., Book V, chapter 9.
55 Ibid., Book V, chapter 28.
56 Ibid., Book V, chapter 30.
57 Ibid., Book V, chapter 31.
58 Ibid., Book V, chapter 24.
59 Ibid., Book V, chapter 26.
60 Ibid., Book XII, chapter 4.
61 Richalmus, Liber Revelationum de insidiis et versutiis daemonum adversus homines, in B. Pez, Thesaurus anecdotorum novissimus, vol. I, part 2, Augsburg, 1721, cols. 374 seq.
62 Richalmus, op. cit., cap. lxxiii, col. 440.
63 Ibid., cap. xliv, col. 440.
64 Ibid., cap. lxx, col. 438.
65 Ibid., cap. iii, col. 385.
66 Ibid., cap. iv, col. 387.
67 Ibid., cap. xli, col. 421.
68 Ibid., cap. xii, col. 398.
69 Ibid., caps, xvii, xxii, xxviii, xxx, cols. 403-4, 410-11, 414-16, 417-18.
70 Ibid., cap. i, col. 380.
71 Ibid., cap. i, col. 382.
72 Ibid., cap. xxxvi, col. 420.
73 Ibid., cap. vi, col. 391.
74 Ibid., cap. iii, col. 384.
75 Ibid., cap. iv, col. 385.
76 Ibid., cap. i, col. 377.
77 Ibid., cap. xc, col. 448.
78 Ibid., cap. xii, col. 396.
79 Ibid., cap. cxxiii, col. 464; cf. cap. xxi, cols. 408-10.
80 Ibid., cap. liv, col. 428.
81 Ibid., caps, iii, iv, cols. 384-90.
82 Ibid., cap. iii, col. 385.
83 Ibid., cap. xlvi, col. 423.
84 Ibid., cap. iv, col. 390.
85 Ibid., cap. xxx, col. 418.
1 The literature on the Knights Templars is so vast that a bibliographical survey itself fills two volumes. For books and articles published down to 1926 sec M. Dessubré, Bibliographie de l’Ordre des Templiers, Paris, 1928; and for later publications H. Neu, Bibliographie des Templer-Ordens, 1927-1965. Neu’s bibliography also contains many references to much earlier works; and owing to its system of classification is easier to use than Dessubré. Two competent general histories in English are: G. A. Campbell, The Knights Templars. London, 1937; and E. Simon, The Piebald Standard. A biography of the Knights Templars, London, 1959. Unfortunately neither of these works gives any reference to sources. On the destruction of the order the standard works are still H. Finke, Papsttum und Untergang des Templerordens, 2 vols., Münster i. W., 1907; and the two works by G. Lizerand: Clément V et Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1910, and Jacques de Molay, Paris, 1913. A great collection of original sources concerning the destruction is in Michelet’s Procès des Templiers, 2 vols., Paris, 1841, 1851; and a useful selection, including some not known to Michelet, in G. Lizerand, L’Affaire des Templiers, Paris, 1923. Further important documents are in Finke, vol. II. For a French translation of a selection of Michelet’s documents see R. Oursel, Le procès des Templiers, Paris, 1955. Oursel’s own conclusions, however, do not all stand up to detailed examination.