33. Gleb Pavlovsky, Genialnaya Vlast (Moscow, 2012), p. 84.
34. Ben Judah, ‘Letter From Moscow’, Prospect, 25 May 2010.
35. This observation is frequently cited in Russia. The importance of it was first brought to my attention in the following exceptional essay. Perry Anderson, ‘Russia’s Managed Democracy’, London Review of Books, vol. 29, no. 2, 25 January 2005.
36. Gleb Pavlovsky, Genialnaya Vlast (Moscow, 2012), p. 84.
37. Lyudmila Romanova and Ilya Zhegulev, Operatsiya Edinaya Rossiya: Neizvestnaya Istoriya Partiya Vlasti (Moscow, 2011), p. 267.
38. Gleb Pavlovsky, ‘Privichka K Obazhaniu U Putina Voznikla Ranshe’, New Times, 26 March 2012, available at http://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/51401/
39. Gleb Pavlovsky, Genialnaya Vlast (Moscow, 2012), p. 73.
40. ‘Zachem Putiniu Upravlaemyaya Demokratiku’, Sova Centre, 1 April 2005, available at http://www.sova-center.ru/democracy/publications/2005/04/d4152/.
41. Vladimir Radchenko, ‘Samii Negumanii Sud – Dlya Predprinimateli’, Forbes, 11 April 2012, available at http://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya-column/vlast/80917-samyi-negumannyi-sud
42. ‘Putin’s “Rape Joke” Played Down’, BBC News, 20 October 2006.
43. This point is often discussed in Russia. The full importance of it was only rammed home to me though by the following deeply insightful book. Emanuel Carrère, Limonov, (Paris, 2011).
44. ‘The Long Life Of Homo Soveiticus,’ The Economist, 10 December 2010.
45. ‘Russian Macro View: Consumption to Remain Strong for Now’, Citi Economics, 21 October 2011.
46. Jonathan Brent, Inside the Stalin Archives: Discovering the New Russia (New York, 2008), p. 267.
47. Victor Pelevin, Babylon (London, 2000), p. 28.
48. Ibid., p. 6.
Chapter Three: The Great Turn
1. Vladimir Putin, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia’s President (London, 2000), p. 11.
2. Masha Gessen, The Man without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin (London, 2012), p. 49.
3. Erich Schmidt-Eenboom, ‘Putins Schatten an der Elbe,’ Sachsische Zeitung, 10 Noveember 2011; Alexander Mannheim and Daisy Sindelar, ‘A Spy In The House Of Putin,’ Radio Free Europe, 7 November 2011.
4. ‘Interview with Alexander Solzhenitsyn’, Der Spiegel, 30 August 2007.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. ‘Excerpts from Solzhenitsyn’s Article on the Soviets’, The New York Times, 19 September 1990.
9. Anna Malpas, ‘Putin Warns against Despotism, Chaos in Russia’, Agence France Presse, 22 January 2010.
10. Dominique Moisi, The Geopolitics of Emotion: How Cultures of Fear, Humilation and Hope are Reshaping the World, (London, 2009), p. 125.
11. Allen Lynch, Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft (Washington DC, 2010), p. 37.
12. Ibid., p. 38.
13. Ibid., p. 37.
14. Putin, First Person, p. 168.
15. In 2012 the Yuganskneftegaz fields that formed the heart of Yukos have proven oil reserves of over 11 billion barrels. This is almost double the Norwegian proven reserves of 5.67 billion barrels.
16. Cyril Tuschi (ed.), Khodorkovsky, 2012, film.
17. Steven L. Solnick, Stealing The State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions (Cambridge, 1998), p. 7.
18. David E. Hoffman, The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia (New York, 2002), p. 121.
19. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, ‘Krizis Liberalizma V Rossii’, Vedomosti, 29 March 2003, available at http://khodorkovsky.ru/mbk/articles_and_interview/12296.html.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Khodorkovsky, ‘Krizis Liberalizma V Rossii’. ‘Choose with the Heart’ was the slogan of Yeltsin’s 1996 re-election campaign.
23. Ibid.
24. Thane Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune: The Battle for Oil and Power in Russia (London, 2012), p. 217.
25. Ibid., p. 186.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 196.
28. Ibid., p. 188.
29. Martin Sixsmith, Putin’s Oiclass="underline" The Yukos Affair and the Struggle for Russia (New York, 2010), p. 57.
30. Ibid, p. 53.
31. Ibid.
32. Mikhail Kasyanov, Bezputina: Politichiskie Dialog S Evgeny Kiselyevim (Moscow, 2009), p. 207.
33. Hoffman, The Oligarchs, p. 107.
34. Richard Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society 4th edn (London, 2008), p. 443.
35. Sixsmith, Putin’s Oil, p. 66.
36. Ibid., pp. 61–2.
37. Tuschi (ed.), Khodorkovsky.
38. Angus Roxburgh, The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia (London, 2012), p. 82.
39. Sixsmith, Putin’s Oil, p. 122.
40. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, ‘Krizis Liberalizma V Rossii’.
41. Keith Gessen, ‘Cell Block Four’, London Review of Books, vol. 32, no. 4, 25 February 2010.
42. Mikhail Kasyanov, Bezputina: Politichiskie Dialog S Evgeny Kiselyevim (Moscow, 2009), p. 222.
43. Ibid., p. 226.
44. Anders Aslund, Russia’s Capitalist Revolution: Why Market Reform Succeeded and Democracy Failed (Washington DC, 2007), p. 251.
45. Ibid., p. 253.
46. Gustafson, Wheel of Fortune, p. 264.
47. Ibid., p. 23.
48. Lynch, Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft, p. 83.
49. Daniel Treisman, ‘Loans for Shares Revisited’, NBER Working Paper, No. 15819, March 2010; James Sherr, ‘Putin is Slipping’, Prospect, 19 September 2012.
50. Kasyanov, Bezputina, p. 241.
51. Lynch, Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft, p. 68.
52. Ibid.
53. Ellen Barry, ‘Putin Speaks His Mind, and Then Some, on Television’, The New York Times, 16 December 2010.
54. Brian D. Taylor, State Building in Putin’s Russia: Policing and Coercion after Communism (New York, 2011), p. 87.
55. ‘U Bivshik Zalozhnikov Nabludaetsya Astenichiski Sindrom’, newsru.com, 31 October 2002, available at http://www.newsru.com/russia/31oct2002/astenichesky.html.
56. Evidence for the use of flamethrowers was found by a commission undertaken by the North Ossetian parliament. ‘State Forces Blamed Over Beslan’, BBC News, 29 November 2005.
57. ‘Boris Gryzlov Izban Spikerom Gosdumi Chetvortovo Soyuza’, Leningradskaya Pravda, 29 December 2003.
58. Aslund, Russia’s Capitalist Revolution, p. 263.
59. Taylor, State Building in Putin’s Russia, p. 92.
60. Mikhail Shevelev, ‘General-Mayor Militsii Vladimir Ovchinskii – O Patriotakh I Liberalakh’, Svabodanews.ru, 29 October 2012, available at http://www.svobodanews.ru/content/article/2262376.html.