59 GFK interviews, August 25, 1982, p. 16, and December 13, 1987, p. 17; GFK to Bullitt, June 9, 1936, Bullitt Papers, T12:21.
60 See GFK, Memoirs, I, 109–12; GFK, Sketches from a Life, pp. 59–63.
61 GFK interview, September 7, 1983, p. 3.
62 ASK to JKH, March 18, 1938, JEK Papers.
63 Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, pp. 479–81.
EIGHT ● THE UNITED STATES AT WAR: 1941–1944
1 GFK to JKH, October 29, 1941, GFK Papers, 23:10.
2 GFK, Memoirs, I, 134–36; Burdick, American Island in Hitler’s Reich, pp. 8–11, 34–43; and GFK, “Report, the Internment and Repatriation of the American Official Group in Germany, 1941–1942,” pp. 422–26, 456–59.
3 GFK interview, December 13, 1987, p. 1. See also Miscamble, Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, p. xi.
4 Burdick, American Island in Hitler’s Reich, p. 43. The information on luggage and pets comes from the internees’ newspaper, Bad Nauheim Pudding, February 14, 1942, copy in GFK Papers, 231:9.
5 Burdick, American Island in Hitler’s Reich, pp. 35–36, 39–40, 70–72.
6 List of activities, January 25–29, 1942, GFK Papers, 231:9; Stephen Turnham, “WWII Slugger Earns a Footnote in Baseball History,” Washington Post, April 11, 1991.
7 “To Whom It May Concern” letter signed by P. W. Whitcomb, Louis P. Lochner, J. P. Dickson, and S. W. Herman, Jr., February 26, 1942, GFK Papers, 231:9. The lecture notes are in ibid., 298:3–8.
8 Untitled, undated lecture notes, ibid.
9 GFK to “my dear children,” February 1942, ibid., 140:7. For more on this letter, see Chapter One.
10 GFK interview, December 13, 1987, p. 15; typescript marked “Unfinished Story,” no date but probably late March or early April 1942.
11 GFK Diary, April 19–22, 1942.
12 Ibid., May 5, 1942.
13 GFK, Memoirs, I, 139; GFK interview, December 13, 1987, pp. 16, 19.
14 GFK, Memoirs, I, 138; Burdick, American Island in Hitler’s Reich, pp. 106–8.
15 ASK to Frieda Por, undated but December 1941, JEK Papers; ASK interview, August 26, 1982, p. 11. GFK’s query, conveyed through the Swiss, is in the DSR-DF 1940–44, 123K36/368.
16 Frieda Por to State Department, ibid., “123Kennan George F.” folder; G. Howland Shaw to GFK, June 12, 1942, ibid., 123K36/371.
17 Bad Nauheim Lecture 2, undated, GFK Papers, 298:5; GFK Diary, April 20, 1942.
18 ASK interviews, August 26, 1982, p. 11, and December 14, 1987, p. 27; GFK to JKH, June 12 and 21, 1942, JEK Papers. The book was M. G. Gains, Five Acres and Independence: A Practical Guide to the Selection and Management of the Small Farm (New York: Greenberg, 1940).
19 ASK to JKH, two undated letters, JEK Papers; ASK interview, December 14, 1987, p. 29.
20 Ibid., pp, 29–30; GFK to JKH, July 21 and 22, 1942, JEK Papers.
21 “A Diplomat Moves Into the Joe Miller Place,” York [Pennsylvania] Dispatch, June 13, 1964. Jeanette Hotchkiss and Kent Kennan both brought this story to my attention.
22 GFK Diary, September 8, 1942, ASK to JKH, September 30, 1942, JEK Papers.
23 GFK Diary, August 28, 1942.
24 GFK to JKH, December 1 and 2 [misdated], 1942, and January 31, 1943, GFK Papers, 23:10; ASK to JKH, November 14 and December 10, 1942, February 12, 1943, JEK Papers.
25 Blair Butterworth, “Fond Family Memories of an Extraordinary Man,” Seattle Times, March 22, 2005. I am indebted to Blair Butterworth for sharing this story with me. See also “Clipper Crashes at Lisbon,” New York Times, February 23, 1943.
26 GFK, Memoirs, I, 143; Robert Meiklejohn Diary, December 23, 1945, Harriman Papers, Box 11; Roberts interview, March 15, 1993, p. 2.
27 GFK, Memoirs, I, 143–45. See also GFK’s National War College lecture, “Problems of Diplomatic-Military Collaboration,” March 7, 1947, p. 7, GFK Papers, 298:29.
28 Ibid., pp. 4–6.
29 GFK to JKH, April 30, July 2, and 20, 1943, GFK Papers, 23:10.
30 GFK to JKH, undated letter composed “at sea,” ibid., 23:10. The Gibbon quote is from Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, I, 30. For the Davies film, see MacLean, Joseph E. Davies, pp. 91–93, 106–7.
31 GFK to JKH, August 14, 1942, GFK Papers, 23:10.
32 Ibid.; GFK to Dunn, September 9, 1943, Dunn to GFK, October 1, 1943, DSR-DF 1940–44, 711.53/31.
33 GFK, Memoirs, I, 147–50; GFK National War College lecture, March 7, 1947, pp. 9–13. See also the partial documentation in FRUS: 1943, II, 547–50.
34 State Department to GFK, October 16, 1943, GFK to State Department, October 18, 1943, ibid., pp. 554–57. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 150–53.
35 Ibid., pp. 153–55, 163; also FRUS: 1943, II, 557–62.
36 GFK, Memoirs, I, 156–59.
37 Roosevelt to Salazar, November 4, 1943, in FRUS: 1943, II, 564–65. See also GFK, Memoirs, I, 159–62. For Leahy’s presence on the Drottningholm, see Burdick, American Island in Hitler’s Reich, p. 107.
38 GFK National War College lecture, March 7, 1947, Harlow and Maerz, eds., Measures Short of War, p. 151; GFK, Memoirs, I, 162–63.
39 Hull to Norweb and GFK, December 4, 1943, in FRUS: 1943, II, 576; GFK, Memoirs, I, 166; Roberts interview, p. 4. See also Bohlen interview by Wright, p. 4.
40 GFK, Memoirs, I, 164–66. See also, for background on the EAC, Gaddis, United States and the Origins of the Cold War, pp. 105–9.
41 GFK, Memoirs, I, 167–69.
42 Ibid., pp. 168–70.
43 GFK to Bullitt, April 4, 1944, Bullitt Papers, 30:15; GFK, Memoirs, I, 171–74. See also the documentation in FRUS: 1944, I, 207–9. The map containing the JCS proposal is in ibid., facing p. 196.
44 Quoted in GFK handwritten memorandum, no date but probably March 1944, GFK Papers, Box 1R, “1944” folder. The Gibbon reference is from Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, II, 373. Kennan’s airplane reading is confirmed in GFK to JLG, October 18, 1995, JLG Papers.
45 GFK handwritten memorandum, probably March 1944, GFK Papers, 231:12.
46 Ibid.; GFK paper on “The Treatment of Germany,” enclosed in GFK to Bullitt, April 4, 1944, Bullitt Papers, 30:15; GFK to James W. Riddleberger, June 13, 1944, GFK Papers, 140:6. This memorandum is cited incorrectly in GFK, Memoirs, I, 175–78, as dating from 1943.
47 GFK interview, August 25, 1982, pp. 11–12; Bohlen interview by Wright.
48 JEK unpublished memoir, JLG Papers; ASK to GFK, December 24, 1943, DSR-DF 1940–44, 123K/463.
49 Winant to State Department, January 17, 1944, ibid., 123K36/471; S. C. Jalecki memorandum, March 30, 1944, ibid., “123Kennan, George F.” folder; GFK, Memoirs, I, 171.