30 GFK draft memorandum to Acheson (substance conveyed orally), February 17, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, I, 165; Hammond, “NSC-68,” pp. 291–92.
31 Nitze to Acheson, December 19, 1949, in FRUS: 1949, I, 610–11; GFK to Acheson, February 17, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, I, 165; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 753; GFK to Ellis O. Briggs, November 2, 1948, GFK Papers, 140:2. See also Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, pp. 96–97, and Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, pp. 91–92.
32 GFK interview, August 26, 1982, pp. 1–2; Nitze interview, p. 6.
33 See May, American Cold War Strategy. For Davies’s contribution, see Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, p. 94.
34 Hammond, “NSC-68,” pp. 310–15; Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 291.
35 Acheson, Present at the Creation, pp. 374–75; GFK interview, October 31, 1974, p. 5.
36 Hammond, “NSC-68,” pp. 317–18; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 347; Davies interview, pp. 9–10. This paragraph parallels closely one in my Strategies of Containment, p. 85. See also Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, p. 99.
37 ASK to KWK, January 3, 1950, JEK Papers; GFK to Ralph Jarvis, January 9, 1950, GFK Papers, 139:8.
38 JEK unpublished memoir.
39 GFK to Oppenheimer, February 13, 1950, Oppenheimer Papers, Box 42, “GFK” folder; GFK to Joseph H. Willits, February 16, 1950, GFK Papers, 139:8; GFK, Memoirs, I, 485; GFK Diary, November 22, 1949.
40 Ibid., September 22, 1949; Acheson to GFK, October 17, 1949, GFK to Palmer, November 1, 1949, both in GFK Papers, 251:12; GFK, “Is War with Russia Inevitable? Five Solid Arguments for Peace,” Reader’s Digest (March 1950), 1-9. See also, on publicity, GFK Diary, November 12, 1949.
41 GFK to Oppenheimer, June 5, 1950, Oppenheimer Papers, Box 43, “GFK” folder; GFK Diary, June 10 and 15, 1950; JKH interview, p. 25; GFK, Memoirs, I, 469–70; Alsop with Platt, “I’ve Seen the Best of It,” pp. 306–7.
42 The best account of the origins of the Korean War is now Stueck, Rethinking the Korean War, pp. 11–83.
43 GFK, Memoirs, I, 484–85; Alsop, “I’ve Seen the Best of It,” pp. 306–7; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 402; Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, pp. 101–2. See also GFK interview by Paige, August 1, 1955, p. 1.
44 Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, p. 86; GFK, Memoirs, I, 486–87.
45 GFK Diary, June 25, 1950; GFK interview by Paige, p. 3. See also Gaddis, Long Peace, pp. 86–87.
46 GFK Diary, June 27, 1950.
47 Alsop, “I’ve Seen the Best of It”, pp. 308–9; GFK Diary, June 27 and 29, 1950.
48 Ibid., June 26, 30, July 1, 10, 12, 17, 25, 1950; GFK background press conference, August 22, 1950, GFK Papers, 299:41. See also Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 291.
49 GFK Diary, June 29, July 11, 25, 1950.
50 Ibid., July 17, 31, 1950.
51 Ibid., June 28, July 21, 31, 1950. See also the PPS draft memorandum of July 22, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 449–54; Bohlen, Witness to History, pp. 292–93; and Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, p. 107.
52 Allison to Nitze, July 24, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 460–61; GFK Diary, June 29 and August 14, 1950; GFK to Acheson, August 23, 1950, Acheson Papers, Box 65, Memoranda of Conversations, “August, 1950” folder, Truman Library. See also, on the 38th parallel debate, Gaddis, Long Peace, pp. 97–99.
53 GFK to Acheson, August 21, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 623–28; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 446.
54 Nitze interview, p. 8; Berlin interview, pp. 12–13.
SEVENTEEN ● PUBLIC FIGURE, PRIVATE DOUBTS: 1950–1951
1 Quoted in Adam Begley, “Lonely Genius Club,” New York Magazine, January 30, 1995, 61-67. See also GFK, Memoirs, II, 17–18. Regis, Who Got Einstein’s Office?, provides an informal history of the Institute but never mentions Kennan. The Institute prepared its own shorter unpublished history on its seventy-fifth anniversary in 2005, entitled simply Institute for Advanced Study.
2 Dodds to GFK, January 3 and February 14, 1950, GFK to Dodds, February 16, 1950, GFK Papers, 11:1. See also Bird and Sherwin, American Prometheus, pp. 371–72, 431–32.
3 GFK, Memoirs, II, 20; Bird and Sherwin, American Prometheus, pp. 371–72, 427, 432. See also Chapter Sixteen, above, and Herken, Brotherhood of the Bomb, p. 206.
4 GFK, Memoirs, II, 4, 9–10, 18–19; GFK Diary, September 11, 1950 [misdated September 10].
5 GFK to Acheson, September 12, 1950, Acheson Papers, Box 32, “Secretary of State Alphabeticaclass="underline" Kelley-King” folder, Truman Library; GFK, Memoirs, II, 4–7; GFK lecture to Miss Fine’s School, May 23, 1951, GFK Papers, 300:6. The decline list is in the GFK Diary for 1950.
6 GFK, Memoirs, II, 8–9; GFK to Arthur Nevins, November 14, 1950, GFK Papers, 139:8; GFK to Gleason, October 6, 1950, ibid. For the reunion, see Chapter Sixteen, above.
7 GFK to Dodds, November 13, 1950, GFK Papers, 11:1; GFK to Earle, October 6, 1950, enclosing draft letter to James Russell, ibid., 139:8.
8 GFK, Memoirs, II, 19. For Oppenheimer’s assessment of von Neumann’s computer, see Institute for Advanced Study, Report of the Director, pp. 9–13; also Poundstone, Prisoner’s Dilemma, pp. 76–78.
9 GFK to Alsop, October 20, 1950, Alsop Papers, Part 1, General Correspondence, Box 5, October 1950.
10 Marshall to MacArthur, September 29, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 826. Chen, China’s Road to the Korean War, provides the best account of Chinese decision making during the early months of the Korean War; but see also Stueck, Rethinking the Korean War, pp. 102–11.
11 GFK Diary, December 1950. For the events of that week, see Stueck, Korean War, pp. 130–32.
12 GFK Diary, December 1950; GFK, Memoirs, II, 28–31; GFK to Acheson, December 4, 1950, Acheson Papers, Box 65, “Memoranda of Conversations, December, 1950” folder, Truman Library; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 476.
13 Minutes, Truman-Attlee meeting, December 4, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 1367.
14 Lucius D. Battle memorandum, Acheson meeting with GFK, Rusk, Nitze, and others, December 4, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, VII, 1345–46; W. J. McWilliams memorandum, Acheson meeting with GFK, Rusk, Nitze, and others, December 5, 1950, ibid., p. 1385; GFK to Alsop, December 17, 1950, Alsop Papers, Part 1, General Correspondence, Box 6, “December, 1950” folder.
15 GFK to KWK, January 2, 1951 [misdated 1950], JEK Papers.