16 GFK, “How New Are Our Problems?” and “The National Interest of the United States,” delivered on January 29–30, 1951, at Northwestern University, later published in Illlinois Law Review 45 (1951), 718–42. See also GFK’s Roosevelt Day Dinner address to the Americans for Democratic Action, New York, January 27, 1951, GFK Papers, 251:17, reprinted as GFK, “Let Peace Not Die of Neglect,” New York Times Magazine, February 25, 1951, pp. 10ff; and his report for the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, “American Participation in Multilateral Authority,” March 15, 1951, ibid., 300:3. GFK discussed his growing environmental interests in a September 8, 1983, interview, pp. 18–20. Berlin’s article, entitled “Political Ideas in the Twentieth Century,” appeared in Foreign Affairs 28 (April 1950), 351–85.
17 “Kennan Joins Ford Foundation,” New York Times, February 20, 1951; Hoffman to GFK, March 12, 1951, GFK Papers, 13:18. The salary figures are from a memorandum GFK prepared for the State Department, January 23, 1951, ibid., and from Bird and Sherwin, American Prometheus, p. 432. See also “Ford Fund Grants Emphasize ‘Deeds,’” New York Times, June 3, 1951; and GFK to KWK, December 17, 1951, JEK Papers.
18 GFK to Hoffman, February 8 and March 8, 1951, GFK Papers, 13:18; Schlesinger undated diary entry, in Schlesinger to JLG, March 31, 1994, JLG Papers; Schlesinger interview, p. 1; Oppenheimer to Robert M. Hutchins, February 16, 1951, Lewis Strauss Papers, IAS Files, Box 108 (courtesy of Craig Wright); GFK to KWK, March 1, 1951, JEK Papers.
19 GFK to Hoffman, March 8, 1951, GFK Papers, 13:18; “Ford Found to Aid Soviet Refugees,” New York Times, May 18, 1951. For the first Kennan’s work with Russian exiles, see Travis, George Kennan, pp. 195–248.
20 Chester, Covert Network, pp. 43–53, provides a good account of the Ford Foundation’s relationship with the CIA. See also Pisani, CIA and the Marshall Plan, pp. 46–52.
21 GFK interview, September 7, 1983, pp. 23–26; GFK to Nicholas Nabokov, October 18, 1951, GFK Papers, 32:13. See also Chester, Covert Network, pp. 49–51, 124–27; and GFK, Memoirs, II, 8–9.
22 Ibid., pp. 72–73; GFK to Hoffman, March 8, 1951, GFK Papers, 13:18. For Morgenthau’s role, see Thompson interview, p. 7.
23 Link interview, p. 1; GFK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 8; and Rusk interview, p. 6. See also Earle to Leopold, February 2, 1951, Richard W. Leopold Papers, 45:6.
24 GFK Diary, April 2–4, 1951.
25 Ibid., April 9, 16, 1951. GFK’s opening lecture, entitled “Introduction,” is in the GFK Papers, 251:21.
26 GFK, Memoirs, II, 75–76; Thompson interview, December 6, 1982, pp. 1–2.
27 GFK Diary, April 16–17, 1951, GFK Papers, 232:2.
28 Ibid., August–September 1951.
29 Corrigan and Cory memorandum, May 3, 1951, in FRUS: 1951, VII, 401–10.
30 Davies to Nitze, May 8, 1951, ibid., pp. 421–22.
31 G. Frederick Reinhardt summary of GFK’s views, sent to Acheson on March 17, 1951, ibid., pp. 241–43.
32 GFK memorandum, undated, GFK to Tsarapkin, May 26, 1951, both ibid., pp. 460–62.
33 GFK to Matthews, May 31, 1951, ibid., pp. 483–86. See also Acheson, Present at the Creation, pp. 532–33.
34 GFK to Matthews, June 5, 1951, in FRUS: 1951, VII, 507–11.
35 GFK to Acheson, June 20, 1951, ibid., pp. 536–38.
36 GFK, Memoirs, II, 37–38. Stueck, Korean War, pp. 204–347, covers the lengthy armistice negotiations in detail.
37 GFK to ASK, July 24, 1951, JEK Papers; GFK to Hoffman, March 8, 1951, GFK Papers, 13:18; GFK Diary, June 30, 1951.
38 Ibid., July 5, 1951; GFK speech on the Oslofjord, July 4, 1951, GFK Papers, 300:8.
39 GFK Diary, July 10, 1951.
40 GFK to ASK, July 24, 1951, JEK Papers; GFK, Memoirs, II, 207. See also, on the Davies investigation, Ybarra, Washington Gone Crazy, pp. 564–65.
41 GFK to George W. Perkins, July 24, 1951, GFK Papers, 139:7; GFK to ASK, July 24, August 6 and 8, 1951, JEK Papers.
42 GFK to Acheson, September 1, 1951, GFK Papers, 139:7. The handwritten copy is in GFK’s State Department personnel file, DSR-DF 1950–54, Box 608, “123 Kennan” folder.
43 Both poems, undated, are in the GFK Diary for the summer of 1951. The summary, dated only September 1951, is in GFK Papers, 164:27.
44 GFK Diary, undated but late summer 1951; GFK, Memoirs, II, 105–6; and Ruddy, Cautious Diplomat, p. 106, where Bohlen’s suggestion is misdated as having been made in 1952.
45 ASK interview, September 8, 1983, pp. 1–2.
46 John and Patricia Davies interview, December 7, 1982, pp. 13–14; GFK to JKH, October 26, 1951, and to KWK, December 17, 1951, JEK Papers; GFK, Memoirs, II, 62.
47 James Reston, “Our Ways in Diplomacy,” New York Times, September 30, 1951; GFK to Alsop, October 3, 1951, Alsop Papers, Part 1, Box 6, “October, 1951” folder; GFK to Oppenheimer, October 4, 1951, Oppenheimer Papers, Box 43, “Kennan” folder. See also GFK, Memoirs, II, 76–77; and GFK, American Diplomacy, pp. 6–7.
48 Despite the reference to “this room,” the dinosaur did not appear in the text of GFK’s Chicago lectures—although it’s possible that he might have improvised it. The lectures are in the GFK Papers, 251:21–23, 252:1–3. The dinosaur is in American Diplomacy, p. 59.
49 Thompson interview, p. 1; Time, October 8, 1951. See also Lippmann, U.S. Foreign Policy; Niebuhr, Children of Light and Children of Darkness; and Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations.
50 GFK to Toynbee, March 31, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:5.
51 GFK to New York Times, August 16, 1952 (not sent), ibid.; Elim O’Shaughnessy memorandum, August 19, 1952, DSR-DF 1950-54, “123 Kennan, George F.” file; GFK to Bohlen, August 21, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; Jessup to George Wadsworth, September 9, 1952, Philip Jessup Papers, 1:9. For Walsh’s attack, see Warren Weaver, “‘Dangerous’ Views Charged to Envoy,” New York Times, July 28, 1952.
52 GFK, “How New Are Our Problems?” The announcement of the American Political Science Association award is in The New York Times, August 27, 1952. Rosenthal, Righteous Realists, discusses GFK’s place within the “realist” tradition. GFK acknowledged not having read Thucydides in a letter to Louis J. Halle, September 27, 1993, Louis J. Halle Papers, 4:1. I am indebted for this citation to Michael Schmidt, whose 2008 Yale History Department senior essay, “Present at the Creation: Thucydides in the Cold War,” quotes it.
53 James Reston, “Kennan Is Slated for Post of Ambassador to Moscow,” New York Times, November 20, 1951 ; Salisbury, Journey for Our Times, pp. 407–8; Gromyko to Stalin, December 12, 1951, Russian Federation Foreign Policy Archive, Fond 3, Opis 66, Delo 279, List 134–36. Parker’s book was published as Conspiracy Against Peace in 1949. GFK’s account of this episode is in his Memoirs, I, 243–46.