42 GFK to Matthews, August 25, 1952, in FRUS: 1952–54, VIII, 1044; H. A. F. Hohler to P. F. Grey, December 15, 1952, British Foreign Office Records, FO 371/100826/NS 1023/34G. See also Brent and Naumov, Stalin’s Last Crime.
43 ASK to Grace Wells and Frieda Por, July 18, 1952, JEK Papers; ASK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 4.
44 GFK, Memoirs, II, 118–19, 129–30. For GFK’s previous visit, see Chapter Five.
45 GFK to Bernard Gufler, August 12, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; “U.S. Is Told to Move Offices in Moscow,” New York Times, July 8, 1952; GFK to Bohlen, August 21, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; Cumming interview, p. 12.
46 Richard Davies interview by Jessup, November 9, 1979; Toon interview by Mattox, June 9, 1989; John Foster Dulles, “Policy of Boldness,” Life 32 (May 19, 1952), 146-60. See also Bowie and Immerman, Waging Peace, pp. 75–77.
47 GFK to Matthews, August 8, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4. See also GFK, Memoirs, II, 124–25.
48 Ibid., pp. 136–37; GFK interview, December 13, 1987, p. 26. See also NSC 73/4, “The Position and Actions of the United States With Respect to Possible Further Soviet Moves in the Light of the Korean Situation,” August 25, 1950, in FRUS: 1950, I, 380.
49 GFK to Barklie Henry, September 9, 1952, copy in Oppenheimer Papers, Box 43, “Kennan” correspondence ; GFK, Memoirs, II, 137–38.
50 GFK to State Department, September 8, 1952, ibid., pp. 327–51. The original is in DSR-DF 1950–54, 661. 00/9-852.
51 L. W. Fuller to Nitze, September 23, 1952, ibid., Box 608, “123 Kennan” folder; C. L. Sulzberger Diary, April 1, 1954, in Sulzberger, Long Row of Candles, p. 987. See also, for the origins of the chiefs of mission meeting, FRUS: 1952–54, VI, 636–43, and “U.S. Envoys to Confer,” New York Times, September 19, 1952.
52 GFK, Memoirs, II, 153–57; GFK to Rebecca Matlock, October 29, 1987, GFK Papers, 27:18; Bullitt to State Department, March 4, 1936, in FRUS: The Soviet Union, 1933–1939, pp. 289–91. See also, for the technology of the bug, Wallace and Melton, Spycraft, pp. 162–65. For more on the Brown dispatches, see Chapter Five, above.
53 GFK, Memoirs, II, 157–58.
54 Salisbury, Journey for Our Times, p. 414. Salisbury’s cautious account of this conversation, passed through Soviet censors, appeared the next day as “GFK Sees View on Soviet Correct,” New York Times, September 19, 1952.
55 GFK, Memoirs, II, 156–59; GFK notebook, GFK Papers, 232:3; Jack Raymond, “GFK Describes Isolation in Soviet,” New York Times, September 20, 1952.
56 Cumming interview, pp. 17–19.
57 GFK Diary, September 29, 1952. See also GFK, Memoirs, II, 161–62, and, for the minutes of the chiefs of mission meeting, FRUS: 1952–54, VI, 643–65.
58 The Pravda statement appeared in the September 27 issue of The New York Times. Molotov, in prepublication editing, dropped a reference to the “X” article, “a vileful pasquinade against the Soviet Union” that Kennan had published “hiding under [an] alias.” The draft is in the Russian Federation Foreign Policy Archive, Fond 3, Opis 66, Delo 279, List 46.
59 GFK to Acheson, September 26, 1952, in FRUS: 1952–54, 1048–51.
60 GFK to ASK, September 27, 1952, Department of State, Record Group 84, Moscow 1950–54, Box 167, “123 Kennan—personal” folder; Acheson press conference, September 26, 1952, in FRUS: 1952–54, VIII, 1048n; “Kennan to Return to Post,” New York Times, September 30, 1952.
61 GFK Diary, September 29, 1952. For the communication to McSweeney, see FRUS: 1952–54, VIII, 1053.
62 JKH to GFK and ASK, September 28, 1952, JEK Papers; Acheson, Present at the Creation, p. 697.
63 GFK, Memoirs, II, 164; GFK notebook, GFK Papers, 232:3. The passage is from Henry VIII, Act III, Scene 2.
64 ASK interview, September 8, 1983, pp. 6–8; ASK to JKH, September 19, 1952, JEK Papers.
65 ASK interview, September 8, 1983, pp. 8–9.
66 O’Shaughnessy to State Department, in FRUS: 1952–54, VIII, 1052–53n; GFK, Memoirs, II, 165.
67 GFK to Gufler, October 27, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; Cloyce K. Huston to State Department, October 27, 1952, DSR-DF 1950–54, Box 608, “123 Kennan” folder.
68 H. T. Morgan minute, October 9, 1952, British Foreign Office Records, FO 371/100836/NS 10345/28; Sulzberger Diary, October 24, 1952, in Sulzberger, Long Row of Candles, p. 784. See also Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 312.
69 Davies interview by Jessup.
70 Marshall’s account is in “Memorandum for the File,” July 9, 1981, Nitze Papers, 29:5.
71 GFK to Nitze, July 26, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; GFK to Bohlen, October 7, 1952, Bohlen to GFK, October 8, 1952, DSR-DF 1950–54, Box 608, “123 Kennan” folder; GFK, Memoirs, II, 168.
72 J. H. A. Watson report, October 9, 1952, enclosed in Christopher Steel to Paul Mason, same date, British Foreign Office Records, FO 371/100836/NS 10345/33.
73 Bohlen interview by Wright, p. 12; Bohlen to Livingston Merchant, August 23, 1955, Bohlen Papers, Box 36, “Correspondence—Special, George Kennan, 1951–70,” Library of Congress. See also Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 312.
74 GFK, Memoirs, II, 165–67.
75 Ibid., p. 168; “GFK Returns, Silent on Moscow Ban,” New York Herald Tribune, November 12, 1952; “GFK Returns to See Acheson,” New York Times, November 12, 1952.
76 GFK, Memoirs, II, 170; JKH to KWK, December 2, 1952, JEK Papers.
77 GFK Diary, March 13, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 170; GFK National War College lecture, “Tasks Ahead in U.S. Foreign Policy,” December 18, 1952, GFK Papers, 300:21.
78 ASK to Frieda Por, December 28, 1952, JEK Papers; GFK to KWK, December 25, 1952, ibid.; ASK interview, September 8, 1983, p. 11.
NINETEEN • FINDING A NICHE: 1953–1955
1 GFK to KWK, December 25, 1952, JEK Papers.
2 GFK, Memoirs, II, 170–71; GFK Diary, July 17, 31, 1950; “Dulles Says U.N. Being Slighted,” New York Times, September 27, 1952; Dulles to Lewis W. Douglas, September 29, 1952, Box 59, “Douglas” folder, Dulles Papers. See also Dulles, “Policy of Boldness”; Dulles to the editors of Commonweal, September 5, 1952, Dulles Papers, Box 59, “Containment” folder; and, for GFK’s differences with Dulles during the Korean War, Chapter Sixteen, above.
3 Dulles to GFK, October 2, 1952, GFK to Dulles, October 22, 1952, Dulles to GFK, October 29, 1952, Dulles Papers, Box 61, “Kennan” folder.
4 See, on this issue, GFK, Memoirs, II, 97–102.
5 Ibid., pp. 170–71; GFK Diary, March 13, 1953. For Marshall’s recollection, see Chapter Eighteen, above.
6 GFK to David Bruce, December 11, 1952, GFK Papers, 139:4; GFK Diary, March 13, 1953; GFK, Memoirs, II, 171; Bohlen, Witness to History, p. 310.