35 New York Times, November 11, 18, 25, December 2, 16, 1957; Washington Post, December 2, 16, 1957.
36 GFK Reith Lecture on “The Military Problem,” December 2, 1957, in GFK, Russia, the Atom and the West, pp. 64–65.
37 Von Oppen interview, p. 2.
38 Dulles news conference, December 10, 1957, in New York Times, December 11, 1957.
39 C. Burke Elbrick memorandum, Eisenhower-Adenauer conversation, December 17, 1957, in FRUS: 1955–57, XXVI, 346–7.
40 Transcript, BBC symposium, December 20, 1957, GFK Papers, 257:7; GFK Diary, December 22, 1957. For Kennan’s earlier pronouncements on “trust,” see Chapter Eleven, above.
41 GFK Diary, December 28, 1957–January 5, 1958.
42 Acheson statement in The New York Times, January 12, 1958.
43 Schlesinger interview, December 17, 1983, p. 2; Christopher Emmet to Acheson, December 24, 1957, Acheson to Emmet, December 30, 1957, Acheson Papers, 9:123, Yale University. See also Thompson, Hawk and the Dove, p. 168, and, on the Council’s role, Brinkley, Dean Acheson, pp. 79–80.
44 “Kennan in the Cold,” Washington Post, January 14, 1958; Dulles to Acheson, January 13, 1958, Acheson Papers, 9:111, Yale University. See also Washington Post, January 13, 1958; New York Times, January 22, 1958; and Brinkley, Dean Acheson, pp. 83–84.
45 William Hard to Acheson, January 14, 1958, Anne Hard to Acheson, February 20, 1958, Acheson to Anne Hard, March 4, 1958, Acheson Papers, 15:192, Yale University.
46 GFK to Dorothy Hessman, copy to Oppenheimer, January 16, 1958, Oppenheimer Papers, Box 43; GFK Diary, January 12 and 21, 1958.
47 GFK, Memoirs, II, 250–51; ASK to JKH, January 13, 1958, JEK Papers; GFK Diary, January 21, 1958. The transcript of the Congress for Cultural Freedom discussion, which took place on January 18, 1958, is ibid., 257:10. Paul Nitze later claimed, in a memorandum dictated in July 1982 (Nitze Papers, 29:5), in an interview with me on December 13, 1989, and in a subsequent book, Tension Between Opposites, p. 131, to have been asked by Acheson to meet Kennan in Geneva and seek a recantation. Kennan adamantly denied that any such meeting had taken place (GFK to JLG, October 1, 1993, JLG Papers), and his diary for this period, which is comprehensive, contains no mention of it.
48 GFK Diary, January 21–February 2, 1958; ASK to JKH, February 3, 1958, JEK Papers.
49 Ullman interview, pp. 6–7; Harsch to Acheson, January 28, 1958, Acheson to Harsch, February 4, 1958, Harsch to Acheson, February 12, 1958, Acheson Papers, 15:194, Yale University; Acheson to William Tyler, February 25, 1958, ibid., 31:404.
50 Tyler to Acheson, March 4, 1958, ibid.; Acheson to Jessup, March 25, 1958, ibid., 15:12.
51 Kennedy to GFK, February 13, 1958, GFK to Kennedy, February 19, 1958, John F. Kennedy Papers, PPP: Senate Files, Legislation Files 1958, Foreign Policy: General, Box 691.
52 Jacqueline Kennedy to Acheson, undated, Acheson to Jacqueline Kennedy, March 8, 1958, Acheson Papers, 18:223, Yale University; Acheson to Louis Halle, March 10, 1958, ibid., 15:189; Acheson to GFK, March 13, 1958, ibid., 17:222. See also McLellan and Acheson, Among Friends, p. 137n.
53 GFK to Acheson, March 20, 1958, Acheson Papers, 15:212, Yale University.
54 Acheson to Burlingham, March 25, 1958, ibid., 4:53.
55 Mary Bundy interview, pp. 5, 12; GFK interview, September 8, 1983, pp. 5–6; GFK, Russia, the Atom and the West, p. 86.
56 GFK, Memoirs, II, 253–54; GFK interview, September 4, 1984, p. 19.
57 Franks interview, p. 24.
58 ASK to JKH, February 3, 1958, JEK Papers; Von Oppen interview, p. 1; GFK Diary, February 2, 3, 1958; GFK to Kantorowicz, March 13, 1958, GFK Papers, 138:1.
59 GFK Diary, March 28, April 9, 10, 11, 1958.
60 Ibid., May 15, 1958; Holmes to R. A. D. Ford, May 30, 1958, Holmes Papers, D/II/3/a. I am indebted to Jack Cunningham for this reference.
61 GFK Diary, May 15, 1958. Kennan’s notes for this talk are in GFK Papers, 301:22.
62 GFK Diary, May 27, 1958. Kennan garbled Goethe somewhat. The original quotation, from Act II of Faust, is “Bedenkt; der Teufel der ist alt, / So werdet alt ihn zu verstehen!” And I have of course dramatized this diary entry slightly.
TWENTY-ONE ● KENNEDY AND YUGOSLAVIA: 1958–1963
1 GFK Diary, June 21, 1958; GFK to KWK, July 19, 1958, JEK Papers.
2 GFK Diary, June 27–July 3, 1958.
3 Dulles to Andrew Goodpaster, August 3, 1958, Eisenhower Papers, Whitman DDE Diary, Box 22, “August 1958—Staff Notes (3)” folder. The memorandum is in FRUS: 1958–60, X, 129–33.
4 GFK Diary, July 25–August 2, 1958.
5 Ibid., August 5–September 10, 1958. The interview appeared in the Harrisburg Patriot-News on September 7, 1958.
6 “Minority Diplomat,” New York Times, November 18, 1957; “Newsman Fiance of Grace Kennan,” ibid., January 5, 1958; ASK to JKH, January 13, 1958, JEK Papers; GFK Diary, May 27, 1958; ASK to Frieda Por, November 27, 1958, JEK Papers.
7 “Krisha” to JEK, undated, JEK Papers. Joan’s engagement announcement appeared in The New York Times, September 7, 1958.
8 “George F. Kennan Assays Quemoy: Sees ‘Excessive Commitment’ to Chiang’s ‘Fortunes,’” New York Herald Tribune, September 21, 1958; GFK “Points for New Leader Meeting,” September 25, 1958, GFK Papers, 301:23; GFK Diary, December 25, 1958, and March 29, 1959. GFK’s reading notes on Kissinger and Niebuhr are appended to his 1958 Diary.
9 Ibid., May 17, 1959.
10 Chalmers M. Roberts, “German Policy Change Denied,” Washington Post, January 23, 1959; GFK Diary, February 6, April 13, and July [misdated June] 17, 1959.
11 John F. Kennedy to GFK, January 21, 1959, copy in GFK Oral History, John F. Kennedy Library; Schlesinger interview, p. 3; GFK to ASK, July 4, 1959, JEK Papers. See also GFK, “Disengagement Revisited,” Foreign Affairs 37 (January 1959), 187–210.
12 GFK Diary, July [misdated June] 17–18, 1959.
13 GFK to Berlin, March 5, 1959, GFK Papers, 5:5.
14 GFK Diary, March 29, 1959.
15 Ibid., April 17, 1959. Who was she? I don’t know.
16 GFK Diary, June 30, 1958.
17 Ibid., September 10, 1959.
18 GFK to ASK, September 22 and 26, 1959, GFK Papers, 24:5.
19 GFK interview by Fischer, March 23, 1965, Oral History Collection, John F. Kennedy Library; Kennedy to GFK, undated, GFK to Kennedy, January 4, 1960, copies ibid. GFK misdates this last exchange, in his Memoirs, II, 268, as having taken place in 1961.
20 GFK Diary, December 13, 1959; GFK Desk Calendar, January 10 and February 25–26, 1960.
21 Ullman interview, p. 5; Pipes, Vixi, p. 102; Yale Daily News, February 15, 1960; GFK to KWK, May 17 and December 30, 1960, JEK Papers. See also GFK, Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin.
22 GFK Diary, July 6–8, 1960; GFK to O’ Shaughnessy, July 30, 1960, ibid. GFK described these summer travels at length in Sketches from a Life, pp. 190–202. His memorandum on his talk with Tito is in FRUS: 1958–60, X, 432–36.