62 GFK interview, June 10, 1996; also GFK to JLG, September 4, 1996, JLG Papers.
63 GFK Diary, April 3, 1989. See also GFK,“After the Cold War,” New York Times Magazine, February 5, 1989; GFK, “The Last Wise Man,” Atlantic Monthly 263 (April 1989). For the Bush policy review, see David Ignatius, “Life After ‘Containment’—Muddling Through,” Washington Post, April 9, 1989.
64 Mary McGrory, “Kennan—A Prophet Honored,” ibid.; Peter Jenkins, “Vindication of a Western Prophet,” Independent, April 13, 1989. See also Don Oberdorfer, “Revolutionary Epoch Ending in Russia, Kennan Declares,” Washington Post, April 5, 1989.
65 Don Oberdorfer, “Bush Finds Theme of Foreign Policy,” Washington Post, May 28, 1989; William Safire, “On Language: The Man With the Pictures,” New York Times, June 18, 1989. Bush’s May 13 speech is in Public Papers of the Presidents: George Bush, 1989. The conference was held at Ohio University in October 1988.
66 GFK Diary, June 29 and July 4, 1989.
67 Ibid., July 8, 1989; GFK to Eugene Hotchkiss, August 20, 1989, GFK Papers, 23:8.
68 GFK Diary, April 16, May 11, June 2, July 29, and August 7, 1989. See also GFK, Fateful Alliance.
69 GFK Diary, November 14, 15, 1989; GFK, “This Is No Time for Talk of German Reunification,” Washington Post, November 12, 1989.
70 GFK Diary, July 8, November 18, December 3, 1989.
71 Ibid., June 1, 1990.
72 The best recent account is Sarotte, 1989: The Struggle to Create a Post–Cold War Europe.
73 GFK Diary, October 8, 1990.
TWENTY-FIVE ● LAST THINGS: 1991–2005
1 GFK Diary, December 12, 1979.
2 Ibid., June 30, 1980, August 2, 1982, July 25,1982, May 9, 1983. The first George Kennan in fact died on May 10, 1924.
3 GFK Diary, January 10, 13, 1983.
4 Ibid., September 13, 1983.
5 Ullman interview, p. 15. Nitze’s tribute is in his papers, Box 5, Folder 29. See also Thompson, Hawk and the Dove, pp. 1–2.
6 GFK Diary, February 20, 1984.
7 Ibid., March 9, 1984; Christopher Kennan conversation with JLG, April 30, 2010.
8 GFK Diary, June 9, 10, 1983.
9 Ibid., September 24, December 28, 1982, January 13, September 3, 1983; also GFK to Eugene Hotchkiss, December 11, 1984, and September 7, 1987, Eugene Hotchkiss Papers.
10 GFK Diary, July 16, 1983.
11 Ibid., April 29, 1993, March 24, 1994.
12 JLG Diary, June 28–29, 1985, JLG Papers; Goodman interview, p. 16; Dilworth interview, p. 2; GFK Diary, February 5, 1977, July 20, 1979, November 27, 1982, August 7, 1992. The actual passage, from the “Witches’ Kitchen” scene in Faust, has Mephistopheles saying, in Lewis Filmore’s 1847 translation: “If you the means would hold / Without physician, sorcery, or gold, / Betake yourself forthwith into the field, / And hack and dig—the spade and mattock wield.”
13 GFK Diary, October 11, 1982, April 5, 9, 1989.
14 Clinton, My Life, p. 151; Talbott, Russia Hand, pp. 132–34; GFK Diary, October 14, 1994.
15 Ibid., April 4, 8, May 6, 1995.
16 Ibid., October 31, November 5, 1996; Talbott, Russia Hand, pp. 220, 232; George F. Kennan, “A Fateful Error,” New York Times, February 5, 1997.
17 GFK Diary, August 5, 1997. The passage is from Richard II, Act II, Scene 1.
18 GFK Diary, April 7, 1993.
19 Constance Goodman memorandum to GFK, February 11, 1985, GFK to Nancy Bressler, December 20, 1983, copies in JLG Papers.
20 C. Ben Wright, “Mr. ‘X’ and Containment,” Slavic Review 35 (March, 1976), 1–31; “George F. Kennan Replies,” ibid., 32–36; C. Ben Wright to JLG, March 24, 2011, JLG Papers. For a fuller account, see Thompson, The Hawk and the Dove, pp. 254–57. Wright’s dissertation was “George F. Kennan, Scholar-Diplomat: 1926–1946,” University of Wisconsin, 1972.
21 See, for example, GFK Diary, November 27, 1983. The voluminous correspondence relating to the biography is in the GFK Papers, Boxes 14–16.
22 GFK Diary, November 18, 1982, September 17 and November 23, 1986, April 24, 1992; GFK to JLG, December 16, 1986, and April 23, 1992, JLG Papers.
23 GFK to JLG, November 13, 1987, October 1, 1993, May 28, 1997, ibid.; GFK Diary, December 12, 1987, and February 12, 1989.
24 Barton Gellman, Contending with Kennan: Toward a Philosophy of American Power (New York: Praeger, 1984), p. 18.
25 GFK Diary, January 21, February 16, 1981. See also GFK, Around the Cragged Hill, p. 11.
26 GFK to Gellman, March 28, 1983, courtesy of Barton Gellman; GFK to JLG, February 20, 1985, JLG Papers.
27 I am indebted to Richard Ullman for suggesting the Platonic comparison, in a conversation prior to the publication of Around the Cragged Hill.
28 GFK, Around the Cragged Hill, pp. 17–52; GFK Diary, April 28, 1985, July 4, 1995, and May 3, 1998.
29 GFK Diary, January 4, 1995 [misdated 1994].
30 GFK, Around the Cragged Hill, p. 36; FKW interview, p. 11.
31 GFK Diary, July 24, 1983, May 13, 1985, January 2, June 15, 1988, April 26, 1994, April 28, 1996.
32 Ibid., July 7, 1994, July 4, 1995, July 21 and December 26, 1996, May 13, 1997; GFK, At a Century’s Ending.
33 GFK Diary, February 15, 25, March 3, 7, 1994; JLG Diary, February 15, 1994, JLG Papers. See also Chapter Twelve, above.
34 GFK Diary, January 31,1995; GFK, American Family; Gordon S. Wood, “All in the Family,” New York Review of Books, February 22, 2001. Copies of the bird poems are at the beginning of the GFK Diary for 1990.
35 GFK Diary, May 12, 14, 1998, November 29, 2000; JLG Diary, December 30, 2001, JLG Papers.
36 Ibid., July 14, 27, 2001; JEK to JLG, March 19, 2011, JLG Papers.
37 JLG Diary, December 30, 2001, JLG Papers.
38 JEK to JLG, March 19, 2011, JLG Papers; GFK to JLG, November 18, 2002, ibid. For the interviews, see Albert Eisele, “George F. Kennan: At 98, Veteran Diplomat Declares Congress Must Take Lead on War with Iraq,” The Hill, September 25, 2002; and Jane Mayer, “The Big Idea: A Doctrine Passes,” New Yorker, October 14 and 21, 2002, p. 70.
39 JLG Diary, August 18, November 9, 2003, February 19, 20, 2004, JLG Papers.
40 Lukacs, Kennan: A Study of Character, p. 188; JLG Diary, March 6, 2005.
41 GFK interview, December 13, 1995, pp. 23–24. I have edited the passage slightly to avoid repetition, but have in no way changed the substance.
EPILOGUE ● GREATNESS
1 Portions of this epilogue draw on my comments at the Princeton University George F. Kennan Centennial Conference, delivered on February 20, 2004, as well as, more briefly, on the 2005 edition of Strategies of Containment, p. 390.
2 Ziegler, Mountbatten, p. 701. 1.