doga — chien/chienne
dogo — chien
amiga — ami/amie
amigo — ami
Synonyme du préfixe man-.
ple — forme des multiplicatifs:
dwaple — double
triple — triple
sa — suffixe à signification générale, qui forme une partie des pronoms "koysa" quelque chose, "enisa" n'importe quoi et des substantifs à partir des verbes de type 2:
flai — voler
flaisa — vol
gun — travailler
gunsa — travail
jan — savoir, connaître
jansa — connaissance
shil — "tendant, enclin à, qui aime, qui a un penchant à":
gun — travailler
gunshil — laborieux
shwo — parler
shwoshil — loquace
fobi — avoir peur
fobishil — peureux, craintif
-te (avec un tiret) — indique le temps passé:
ta shwo-te — il dit / il disait
val — "méritant, digne de, qui vaut la peine":
admirival — admirable (digne d’être admiré)
Sey filma es goval. — Ce film vaut la peine d’être vu.
Sey geim es pleival. — Ce jeu vaut la peine.
yuan — "employé, fonctionnaire, travailleur, membre d'une organisation":
kafeeyuan — serveur de café (cafétéria)
partiayuan — membre du parti
polisyuan — policier
shopyuan — boutiquier
busyuan — receveur (en autobus)
trenyuan — chef de wagon
domyuan — habitant d’une maison
farmakyuan — pharmacien
gaskyuan — gazier
kortayuan — courtisan
kraiyuan — crieur public, héraut
laoyuan — doyen d'âge, ancien
masuyuan — boucher
sobreyuan — principal, supérieur, chef
subyuan — subordonné
Les préfixes anti-, arki-, auto-, bi-, ex-, mono-, multi-, poli-, pseudo-, retro- se retrouvent dans le vocabulaire scientifique et technique et gardent leur signification internationale. On les écrit sans trait d'union. Prepositions, conjunctions
A
1) preposition of aim, direction, "to":
Treba go a shop. — One should go to the shop.
Lu he returni a Moskva. — He returned to Moscow.
2) dative case preposition, "to":
Me dai kitaba a ela. — I give the book to her.
Me rakonti a yu. — I tell you.
Ela shwo a lu. — She says to him.
Afte
After (in temporal as well as spatial meaning); in (in temporal meaning):
un afte otre — one after another
afte se — after this
afte tri dey — in three days
aftemanya — the day after tomorrow
Al
1) with verbs denotes simultaneity of actions (= "verb+yen"):
Al pasi bus-stopika me he vidi ke lu stan dar. — Passing the bus-stop I saw him standing there.
al shwo om se — when speaking about it;
al kupi auto — when buying a car
2) introduces current circumstances, situation, denotes simultaneity:
al to — at that, in the process
al bakdao — on the way back
al klosi-ney dwar — behind closed doors, with doors closed
al sey halat — under these conditions
al un-ney kansa — at first sight
Me joi al vidi yu. — I am glad to see you.
Along
Along:
along riva — along the river
along gata — along the street
Aus
(preposition and adverb) out (of):
1) expresses movement outwards:
Lai aus! — Come out!
Lu go-te aus shamba. — He went out of the room.
2) denotes materiaclass="underline"
botela aus glas — bottle made of glass, glass bottle
Ausen
(preposition and adverb) outside (at what place?), beyond the limits of:
ausen dom — outside the house
Me jivi ausen urba. — I live out of town.
Dwar bu ofni fon ausen. — The door does not open from outside.
Ausen ye frosta. — It freezes outdoors.
ausen-temperatura — the outside temperature
lo ausen — the outside
Avanen
(preposition and adverb) ahead (of):
avanen kolona — ahead of the column
Lu es dalem avanen. — He is far ahead.
May kloka es pet minuta avanen. — My watch is 5 minutes fast.
Baken
(preposition and adverb) behind (at what place?):
Surya bin baken badal. — The sun was behind the clouds.
urba resti baken — the city stayed behind
My kloka es pet minuta baken. — My watch is 5 minutes slow.
Bay
1) introduces a means or tool, "by", "with", "by means of":
ta he darbi ta bay stik — he/she hit her/him with a stick
Treba replasi lao bataria bay nove-la. — One should replace the old battery with new one.
bay forsa — by force
Ela lai-te bay avion. — She came by airplane.
bay tren — by train
sendi leta bay aviameil — to send a letter by air mail
bay to ke — in that, by the fact that:
Ais farki fon akwa bay to ke it es twerde. — Ice differs from water in that it is solid.
2) refers to doer or author:
Se es zwo-ney bay me. — This is done by me.
kitaba bay Gogol — book by Gogol
Bifoo
Before (in temporal as well as spatial meaning):
Wosh handas bifoo chifan! — Wash your hands before eating!
Lu zai stan-te bifoo me. — He was standing before me.
bifoo ke lu en-somni — before he fell asleep
bifoo-ney — former
Bikos
Because (= por ke).
Bli
(preposition and adverb) near, nearby, beside, close by:
bli may dom — near my house
bli klok char — around 4 o'clock (one may say also "sirke klok char")
Ela zai sidi bli. — She is sitting beside.
Dabe
In order to, in order that:
dabe oli samaji problema... — in order that everyone understands the problem...
dabe zwo olo kom gai... — in order to do everything as needed...
Dank a
Thanks to:
dank a lu — thanks to him
dank a fakta ke... — thanks to the fact that...
De
The preposition of genitive case, "of":
lingwa de planeta — the language of planet
deskovra de Amerika bay Kolombo — the discovery of America by Columbus
The preposition may also denote an amount or portion of something:
tasa de chay — a cup of tea (but 'tasa chay' is also acceptable)
Depos
Since, starting from, for (in temporal meaning):
Me es hir depos klok shi. — I have been here since ten o'clock.
depos ke me lai hir — since I came here
depos longtaim — long since
Do
Preposition introducing a specific characteristic, distinctive feature, or purpose of object: