24 used a Walter hydrogen-peroxide rocket: Ibid., 15.
25 “More often than not”: Amarena interview with author, 5 Jan. 2011.
26 “hopping of frequencies”: Ibid.
27 “Antheil and my mother”: Meeks (1990), 137.
28 “I didn’t know how”: Amarena interview with author, 5 Jan. 2011.
29 “doing me the honor”: Antheil (1945), 291.
30 “that she and Antheil”: “Hedy Adds New Twist to War,” Stars and Stripes, 19 Nov. 1945, 1.
31 “In a radio communication”: Markey and Antheil (1941), 21.
32 “An invention is the result”: Quoted in Berle and De Camp (1937), 4.
33 “An invention is not complete”: Quoted in ibid.
34 “The invention is not the specimen”: Ibid., 197.
35 “It seems that Hedy”: George Antheil draft text, 11–12. Antheil Papers.
EIGHT: FLASHES OF GENIUS
1 “We are, at this instant”: Antheil to Bullitt, 16 Oct. 1940, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, William C. Bullitt Papers, Yale University Library.
2 “split-second”: “Idea for a Radio-Controlled Torpedo,” 2, 23 Dec. 1940, document in possession of Anthony Loder, Los Angeles.
3 “In the meantime”: Antheil to Lamarr, 10 Jan. 1941, Antheil Papers.
4 Oslo Report: See Frithjof Sterrenburg, The Oslo Report 1939—Nazi Secret Weapons Forfeited.
5 “was to handle”: Antheil to Lamarr, 10 Jan. 1941, box 2, folder 7, George Antheil Papers, Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
6 “I found it necessary”: Ibid.
7 “is a queer girl”: Antheil to Bullitt, 20 May 1941, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, Bullitt Papers.
8 “Idea for a Radio-Controlled Torpedo”: Document dated 23 Dec. 1940, in possession of Anthony Loder, Los Angeles.
9 “made blueprints”: Antheil to Bullitt, 20 May 1941.
10 “One of the imperative”: Scott (1920), 286–87.
11 October 1915: Ibid., 13.
12 “mentally inbred”: Quoted in McBride (1992), 7.
13 more than 110,000 ideas and inventions: Ibid., 12.
14 only one actually went into production: Scott (1920), 125.
15 testing pilots for airsickness: National Inventors Council (1943), 387.
16 “Several others”: Scott (1920), 124.
17 “had more impact”: Quoted in Michael Bess, review of Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World by J. R. McNeill, Journal of Political Ecology 9 (2002).
18 “Inventors often lost”: National Inventors Council (1943).
19 “And now we’ve received”: Antheil to Bullitt, 20 May 1941.
20 “Hedy is incredibly”: Ibid.
21 “deeply interested”: Antheil to Bullitt, n.d. (“Thanks for your very kind note of February 22 [1942]….”), MS 112, box 3, folder 44, Bullitt Papers.
22 “became her trademark”: Barton (2010), 102.
23 she briefed him: Ibid., 103.
24 legally changed her name: Ibid., 108.
25 “Langner seems to be”: Antheil to Bullitt, 30 June 1941, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, Bullitt Papers.
NINE: RED-HOT APPARATUS
1 “We are, at present”: George Antheil et al., “Idea for a Radio-Controlled Torpedo,” 23 Dec. 1940, document in possession of Anthony Loder, Los Angeles.
2 “two sister system[s]”: document in possession of Anthony Loder, Los Angeles.
3 “(a) The ribbon wavelength”: Ibid.
4 “It’s my daily work”: Antheil to Bullitt, 24 June 1942, MS 112, box 3, folder 44, William C. Bullitt Papers, Yale University Library.
5 “Hedy was once married”: Antheil to Bullitt, 20 May 1941, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, Bullitt Papers.
6 “novel torpedo”: Ibid.
7 “It is of course”: Markey and Antheil (1941), 12–13.
8 “Recent communications”: Antheil to Bullitt, 30 June 1941, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, Bullitt Papers.
9 illness ran into the layoff: Shearer (2010), 130–31.
10 “Hedy was here Sunday”: Antheil to Bullitt, 19 July 1941, MS 112, box 3, folder 42, Bullitt Papers.
11 “At that time”: Boski Antheil memoir, 93–94, box 17, folders 1–3, Antheil Collection.
12 “Hollywood is a funny”: Ibid.
13 “Let’s move away”: Antheil (1945), 335.
14 “We moved to a tiny”: Boski Antheil memoir, 94.
15 “We got the smallest”: Antheil (1945), 336.
16 “It was from my dead”: Ibid.
17 “I have just finished”: Antheil to Bullitt, 19 July 1941.
18 “HEDY LAMARR INVENTOR”: New York Times, 1 Oct. 1941.
19 “actually reached”: Antheil to Bullitt, 13 July 1942, MS 112, box 3, folder 44, Bullitt Papers.
20 “The Ambassador said”: U.S. Department of State (1943), 136.
21 “When that big bomb”: Mullener (2002), 31.
22 “U.S. submariners began”: Wildenberg and Polmar (2010), 102.
23 These and other problems: See Gannon (1996), Newpower (2006), and Lockwood (1951).
24 “After considering our torpedo”: Antheil to Bullitt, 5 Feb. 1942 (misdated 1941), MS 112, box 3, folder 44, Bullitt Papers.
25 “Hedy and I spent”: Antheil to Bullitt, 13 July 1942.
26 “unquestionably dealt”: Kennan, introduction to Bullitt (1972), xii.
27 “I am sorry”: Bullitt to Antheil, 25 Aug. 1942, box 28, folder 16, Antheil Collection.
28 “during the anxious days”: Antheil to Bullitt, 23 May 1943, MS 112, box 3, folder 44, Bullitt Papers.
29 “rebirth”: Quoted in Whitesitt (1983), 57.
30 news analyst: Ibid., 58.
31 “chip in and help”: “Hedy Lamarr Sells $4,547,000 Bonds,” New York Times, 2 Sept. 1942.
32 “NEWARK, N.J., Sept. 4”: “Hedy Lamarr a Hit in Newark,” New York Times, 5 Sept. 1942.
TEN: O PIONEERS!
1 denied its identifying information: “It is only this year (1997) that the connection has been pointed out by Dave Hughes.” Scibor-Marchocki (2003), “Sonobuoy.”
2 “When we received”: Ibid.
3 “As requested”: Ibid.
4 “In retrospect”: Ibid.
5 “worked very well”: Ibid.
6 “solves each”: Ibid.
7 “spread spectrum”: Scholtz (1982), 832.
8 paper published in 1982: Ibid.
9 told me he was aware: Robert Scholtz, personal communication, 28 April 2011.
10 follow-up paper: Price (1983).
11 “Although the radio link”: Scholtz (1982), 829.
12 seminal paper: Shannon (1948).
13 “Shannon’s formula”: Walters (2005), 165.
14 coined the term “bit”: Shannon (1948), 379.
15 “evidently carried”: Scholtz (1982), 833.
16 different secret communication systems: Ibid., 845–47.
17 “scores of patents”: Ibid., 835.
18 “For the first time”: Scibor-Marchocki (2003), “Surveillance Drone.”
19 top four most performed: Whitesitt (1983), 62.
20 “It is a wonderful”: Quoted in ibid.
21 “There is everything”: Quoted in ibid.
22 “became a shuttle trip”: Lamarr (1966), 129.
23 Traumas emerged: Ibid., 128–30.
24 “time and analysis”… “the crisp, competitive”: Ibid., 131.
25 “It was the case”: Ibid., 137.
26 “My judgment on scripts”: Ibid., 166.
27 “We argued quite a bit”: Quoted in ibid., 181.
28 $30 million or more from acting: Ibid., 312.
29 Spread Spectrum Systems: Dixon (1984).
30 “first comprehensive”: Mike Marcus, “Early Civil Spread Spectrum History,” http://www.marcus-spectrum.com/SSHistory.htm, 1.