Warwick in, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Calehill Heath, Kent, ref 1
calendar: and festivals, ref 1
see also space and time
Calvinists, ref 1
Cambridge University: founding and early development, ref 1
Cannynges, William, ref 1
canon law: Lanfranc introduces, ref 1
Canterbury: name, ref 1
archbishopric, ref 1
house density, ref 1
pilgrims, ref 1
Cathedral, ref 1
see also Becket, St Thomas
Cantii (tribe), ref 1
Canute, King of the English, Danes and Norwegians, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Caratacus, ref 1
Cartimandua, Queen of Brigantes, ref 1
Cassivellaunus, ref 1
Castillon, battle of (1453), ref 1
castles: Norman, ref 1, ref 2
in Wales, ref 1
Castor, Cambridgeshire, ref 1
cathedrals: built, ref 1
Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII, ref 1
Catterick, ref 1
cattle: domesticated, ref 1
Caxton, William, ref 1, ref 2
The Game and the Playe of the Chesse, ref 1
Ceawlin (Saxon leader), ref 1
Cecilia (William the Conqueror’s daughter), ref 1
Celtic church, ref 1
Celtic languages, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Celts: origins, ref 1
cemeteries and churchyards, ref 1
Cernunnos (god), ref 1
chancery: developed under Henry I, ref 1
under Edward I, ref 1
Channel, English: formed, ref 1
Channel Islands: retained by King John, ref 1
Charlemagne, King of Frankish Empire, ref 1
Charles I, King: and Petition of Right, ref 1
Charles IV, King of France, ref 1
Charles V (the Wise), King of France, ref 1, ref 2
Charles VI, King of France, ref 1
Charles VII, King of France: crowned, ref 1
captures Paris, ref 1
reoccupies Normandy, ref 1
Charles VIII, King of France, ref 1
Chaucer, Geoffrey: writes in English, ref 1
Canterbury Tales, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
‘The Miller’s Tale’, ref 1
‘Tale of Melibee’, ref 1
Troilus and Criseyde, ref 1
Cheddar Gorge, ref 1
Chester: footways, ref 1
childhood, ref 1, ref 2
see also education; schools
chivalry, ref 1
Christianity: introduced in Roman England, ref 1
under Anglo-Saxons, ref 1, ref 2
rich statues, ref 1
conversions under Augustine and Paulinus, ref 1
Roman Church prevails, ref 1
Church organization, ref 1
as unifying force, ref 1
Viking assault on, ref 1
prevails over Danish invaders, ref 1
Church reforms under Normans, ref 1
Church material wealth and landowning, ref 1
secular clergy, ref 1
practices and beliefs challenged by Lollards, ref 1
heretics burned at stake, ref 1
English saints, ref 1
tensions with sovereign, ref 1
Chronique de la Trahison et Mort de Richard II, ref 1
Church of England: in Henry V’s reign, ref 1
Church, the see Christianity
churches: design, ref 1
Perpendicular style, ref 1
see also cathedrals
churchyards see cemeteries
Cicero, ref 1
Cistercians, Order: settle in England, ref 1, ref 2
practise eviction, ref 1
Clarence, George, Duke of: and recognition of Elizabeth Woodville as queen, ref 1
Warwick promises crown to, ref 1, ref 2
proposed marriage to Warwick’s daughter, ref 1
Edward IV seeks friendship, ref 1
in Warwick’s rebellion, ref 1
deserts Warwick for Henry VI, ref 1
rivalry with Edward IV, ref 1, ref 2
murdered in Tower, ref 1, ref 2
Clarendon, Constitutions of (1164), ref 1
class (social): system develops, ref 1
see also hierarchies
Claudius, Roman Emperor, ref 1, ref 2
climate: variability, ref 1
human effect, ref 1
clocks, ref 1, ref 2
Clyn, John, ref 1
coaclass="underline" Romans and, ref 1
Coelius (Coel Hen; ‘Old King Cole’), ref 1
coins and coinage: under Normans, ref 1
debased under Henry I, ref 1
Coke, Sir Edward, ref 1
Colchester (Camulodunum), ref 1
cloth manufacture, ref 1
Coleswain of Lincoln, ref 1
commerce see trade
common people: lives and conditions, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
effect of Black Death on, ref 1
dress and behaviour regulated by law, ref 1
Commons, House of see parliament
communitas (local self-rule), ref 1, ref 2
Commynes, Philippe de, ref 1, ref 2
Complaint of the Poor Commons of Kent, ref 1
Constantine the Great, Roman Emperor, ref 1
Conway Castle, Wales, ref 1, ref 2
Conyers, Sir John (‘Robin of Redesdale’; ‘Robin Mend-All’), ref 1
cooking see food and drink
Cornwalclass="underline" Pytheas visits, ref 1
Celtic language, ref 1
coronations (royal), ref 1
see also individual monarchs
Cotton, Sir Robert, ref 1
Council Learned in the Law, ref 1
courtly love, ref 1
courts of law, ref 1
Coventry, ref 1
Crane, Matilda, ref 1
cranes (lifting), ref 1
Crécy, battle of (1346), ref 1, ref 2
crime: rises at times of harvest failure, ref 1
violent, ref 1, ref 2
and punishment, ref 1
prevalence under Henry VI, ref 1
Crowland Chronicle, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Crusade, Third, ref 1
Cunobelinus, ref 1
cursus monuments, ref 1
customs: prehistoric origins, ref 1
and continuity, ref 1, ref 2
customs duties: under Edward I, ref 1, ref 2
Cuthbert, St, ref 1
Danegeld (tax), ref 1
Danelaw, the, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Danes see Denmark
David I, King of Scotland, ref 1
‘Deadmen’s Den’ (Blore Heath battlefield), ref 1
death see burial; mortality
Deeds of Henry V, The, ref 1, ref 2
Deira, kingdom of, ref 1
Denmark: Viking raiders from, ref 1, ref 2
invasions and settlement in England, ref 1
subjects fight on English side at Hastings, ref 1
Despenser, Henry, Bishop of Norwich, ref 1
Despenser, Hugh le (father and son), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
diet see food and drink
doctors, ref 1
Domesday Book (‘The King’s Book’), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
domestic life: in Paston letters, ref 1
Dominican Order, ref 1
Dover: name, ref 1
dress: in Bronze Age, ref 1
under Romans, ref 1
Anglo-Saxon, ref 1, ref 2
legislation on, ref 1
drink see food and drink
Druids, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
drunkenness, ref 1
Dublin: as Norse trading centre, ref 1
Dudley, Edmund, ref 1
Dumnonii (tribe), ref 1
Dunstan, St, Archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1
Durham: Cathedral, ref 1
pilgrimages to, ref 1
Germanic structures, ref 1
Durotriges (tribe), ref 1, ref 2
East Anglia: settled, ref 1
Danes in, ref 1
East Saxons, ref 1, ref 2
East Stoke, battle of (1487), ref 1
economic activity: fifteenth century improvement, ref 1
see also trade; wool
Edgar Atheling, ref 1
Edgar, King of the English, ref 1
Edinburgh, ref 1
Edington, battle of (878), ref 1
Edith, Queen of Henry I, ref 1, ref 2
Edmund Ironside, King of the English, ref 1
education: children’s, ref 1
university, ref 1
see also schools
Edward I, King: captures Gwynedd, ref 1
wars against Scotland and Wales, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
and de Montfort’s war with Henry III, ref 1
imprisoned as hostage, ref 1
escapes and defeats de Montfort at Evesham, ref 1
on crusade, ref 1
accession and coronation, ref 1
attempted assassination, ref 1
interest in Gascony, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
soldierly qualities, ref 1
appearance and personality, ref 1
reclaims father’s lost lands, ref 1
taxes and customs, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
authority, ref 1, ref 2
and international finance, ref 1, ref 2
represses and expels Jews, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
law and administration reforms, ref 1
raises paid troops, ref 1
and death of first wife (Eleanor), ref 1