Northumberland, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of (Hotspur), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of, ref 1
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 5th Earl of, ref 1
Northumberland, kingdom of: power, ref 1
Vikings conquer, ref 1
Malcolm IV surrenders to Henry II, ref 1
Norway: Viking raiders from, ref 1
Norwich: population, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
social divisions, ref 1
grammar school, ref 1
Noseles, Philip, ref 1
Noteman, Andrew, ref 1
Offa’s Dyke, ref 1
Oldcastle, Sir John, ref 1
Orderic Vitalis, ref 1, ref 2
Ordinance of Labourers (1349), ref 1
Orkney: surrendered to Scotland, ref 1
Orleans: Joan of Arc lifts siege, ref 1
Orleton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, ref 1
Osborne, John, ref 1
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, ref 1
Oxford, John de Vere, 12th Earl of, ref 1
Oxford, Provisions of (1258), ref 1
Oxford University: teaching of law, ref 1
origins, ref 1
student violence and misbehaviour, ref 1
learning, ref 1
‘oyer et terminer’ commission, ref 1
Page, John and Agnes, ref 1
Palaeolithic: as term, ref 1
Palfrey, William, ref 1
Pandulf (papal legate), ref 1
papacy: and appointment of archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1
see also Christianity
Paris: Treaty of (1259), ref 1
in Hundred Years War, ref 1
falls to Charles VII, ref 1
Paris, Matthew, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
parish: development, ref 1
numbers, ref 1
parish churches: as communal centres, ref 1
show evidence of affluence, ref 1
parish priests, ref 1, ref 2
Parisii (tribe), ref 1, ref 2
parliament: origins and development, ref 1, ref 2
Edward I summons, ref 1, ref 2
first records (1316), ref 1
Edward II summons, ref 1
and consent to taxation, ref 1
growing power during Hundred Years War, ref 1
relations with Edward III, ref 1, ref 2
‘Good’ (1376), ref 1
in Westminster Hall, ref 1
conflict with Richard II, ref 1, ref 2
‘Wonderful’ (1386), ref 1
‘Merciless’ (1389), ref 1
relations with Henry IV, ref 1
meets in Bury St Edmunds (1447), ref 1
Henry VII ignores, ref 1
pastimes see festivals and pastimes
Paston family: life and letters, ref 1, ref 2
Paston, Agnes, ref 1, ref 2
Paston, Clement, ref 1
Paston, Elizabeth, ref 1
Paston, John, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Paston, Margaret, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Paston, William, ref 1
Patrick, St: Confessions, ref 1
Paulinus (missionary), ref 1
peasantry: and village life, ref 1
houses, ref 1
condition improves in Black Death, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
see also serfs
Peasants’ Revolt (1381), ref 1, ref 2
Pembroke, Jasper Tudor, Earl of: commands Queen Margaret’s forces, ref 1
and Henry Tudor’s invasion, ref 1
sends Henry to Brittany, ref 1
Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st Earl of, ref 1
Pembrokeshire: Flemings in, ref 1
Penny, William, ref 1
Pepys, Samuel, ref 1
Percy family: rebels against Henry IV, ref 1
power in north, ref 1
Percy, Henry (Hotspur) see Northumberland, 2nd Earl of
Perpendicular style (architecture), ref 1
Perrers, Alice, ref 1
Peter de Blois, ref 1
Peter des Rivaux, ref 1, ref 2
Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Peter of Savoy, Earl of Richmond, ref 1
Peter, St, ref 1
Peterborough: Bronze Age remains, ref 1
Peterborough Abbey: suffers under Henry I, ref 1
and warfare between Stephen and Matilda, ref 1
Petition of Right (seventeenth century), ref 1
Philip II (Philip Augustus), King of France, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Philip VI of Valois, King of France, ref 1, ref 2
Philippa of Hainault, Queen of Edward III, ref 1
Pickering, Vale of, Yorkshire, ref 1
Picquigny, treaty of (1475), ref 1
Picts: land of (Prydyn), ref 1
harass Romans and English, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
pilgrims, ref 1
Pilgrims Way, The, ref 1, ref 2
Pistor, John, ref 1
Pius II, Pope, ref 1
plague: in 540s, ref 1
see also Black Death
Plantagenet dynasty: succession, ref 1
killings, ref 1
Plautius, Aulus, ref 1
Pliny the Elder, ref 1
poems, songs and tales: heroic, ref 1, ref 2
Poitiers, battle of (1356), ref 1
Poitou, ref 1
poll tax: introduced (1377), ref 1
(1380), ref 1
Poppelau, Nicholas von, ref 1
population: in Neolithic period, ref 1
increase in Bronze Age, ref 1
in Iron Age, ref 1, ref 2
reduced by plague (1540s), ref 1
towns, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
increase in Henry III’s reign, ref 1
falls in fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, ref 1
reduced by Black Death, ref 1, ref 2
portents: and civil unrest, ref 1
of two kings, ref 1, ref 2
Pounchon, William, ref 1
Poundbury, Dorset, ref 1
Prasutagus, King of Iceni, ref 1
Preseli Hills, southwest Wales, ref 1
prices: rise under King John, ref 1
increase under Henry III, ref 1
rise during harvest failures, ref 1, ref 2
priests see parish priests
Princes in the Tower see Tower of London
printing, ref 1, ref 2
Procopius of Caesarea, ref 1
property: inheritance under Normans, ref 1
legal disputes over, ref 1
Prophecies of Merlin, ref 1
proverbs, ref 1
public houses, ref 1
punishment: for crimes, ref 1
Puttock, Stephen, ref 1
Pytheas, ref 1
Quernbetere, Alice, ref 1
rabbit: introduced to England, ref 1
Radcot, battle of (1388), ref 1
Ralph de Crockerlane, ref 1
Ravenspur, Yorkshire, ref 1
Redwald, King of the East Angles, ref 1
Reformation, the, ref 1
Regenbald, chancellor, ref 1
Regnenses (tribe), ref 1
religion: Iron Age, ref 1
see also Christianity; Druids
Restitutus, Bishop of London, ref 1
Rheged (kingdom), ref 1
Riccardi bankers (of Lucca), ref 1, ref 2
Richard I (Lionheart), King: kingship, ref 1
and ‘legal memory’, ref 1
disputes with father and brothers, ref 1
background and character, ref 1
coronation, ref 1
on Third Crusade to Holy Land, ref 1
captured and ransomed, ref 1
returns to England and pardons John, ref 1
and succession, ref 1
troubled reign, ref 1
and Jews, ref 1
Richard II, King: authority, ref 1, ref 2
peaceful nature, ref 1, ref 2
crowned aged ten, ref 1
confronts Peasants’ Revolt, ref 1, ref 2
appearance and manner, ref 1, ref 2
first marriage (to Anne of Bohemia), ref 1
campaign against Scots, ref 1
court and favourites, ref 1
conflict with parliament, ref 1, ref 2
deposed and reinstated, ref 1
mediates between Lords and Commons, ref 1
piety, ref 1
purges lords, ref 1
exiles Bolingbroke, ref 1
halts Bolingbroke–Mowbray duel, ref 1
second marriage (to Isabella), ref 1
sails to Ireland, ref 1
returns to England to oppose Bolingbroke, ref 1
Bolingbroke negotiates with, ref 1
renounces throne in favour of Bolingbroke, ref 1
death and burial, ref 1, ref 2
rumoured survival, ref 1, ref 2
posthumous support for, ref 1
kills Thomas of Gloucester, ref 1
Richard III, King (earlier Duke of Gloucester): reputation, ref 1
and Princes in the Tower, ref 1, ref 2
as rumoured murderer of Henry VI, ref 1
background and service to Edward IV, ref 1
and succession to throne, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
power in north, ref 1
and Edward V’s accession, ref 1
seizes and confines Edward V, ref 1
appointed Protector, ref 1
deformed arm, ref 1
has Hastings executed, ref 1
claims crown, ref 1, ref 2