Irwin, Lord, ref1
Isle of Wight Festival (1967), ref1
Italian Job, The (film), ref1
Italy: arms spending, ref1; African colonies, ref1; communist movement, ref1; Locarno Treaty, ref1; response to Versailles conference and Treaty, ref1; Fasci, ref1; Mussolini’s rise to power, ref1; Stresa declaration (1935), ref1; invasion of Abyssinia (1935), ref1, ref2, ref3; Anti-Comintern Pact, ref1; support for Franco, ref1; Pact of Steel with Germany, ref1; mediation question, ref1; invasion of Greece, ref1; Allied advance on Rome, ref1; fall of lira (1992), ref1
Jackson, Tom, ref1
Jagger, Mick, ref1, ref2
Japan: arms race, ref1; naval treaty (1922), ref1; invasion of Manchuria, ref1; withdrawal from League of Nations, ref1; Anti-Comintern Pact, ref1
Jarrow Crusade (1936), ref1
jazz, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Jenkins, Roy, ref1, ref2
Jews: immigration, ref1; Hitler’s view of, ref1; Hitler’s persecution, ref1, ref2; BUF blackshirts, ref1, ref2; Nazi massacres, ref1; in Poland, ref1; massacre in Romania, ref1; Borisov massacre, ref1; death camps, ref1, ref2; in Aegean islands, ref1
Joad, C. E. M., ref1
John, Elton, ref1
John Bull, ref1
Johnson, Paul, ref1
Jones, Brian, ref1
Jones, Colonel ‘H’, ref1
Jones, Jack, ref1, ref2, ref3
Joseph, Keith, ref1, ref2
Jutland, Battle of (1916), ref1, ref2
Kane, Sarah: Blasted, ref1
Keeler, Christine, ref1
Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928), ref1
Kennedy, John F., ref1
Kenya: Mau Mau, ref1, ref2; independence, ref1
Keyes, Sir Roger, ref1
Keynes, John Maynard, ref1, ref2, ref3; The General Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Money, ref1
Khrushchev, Nikita, ref1, ref2
Kilmuir, Lord, ref1
Kinks, the, ref1, ref2
Kinnock, Neil, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kissinger, Henry, ref1
Kitchener, Lord, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Koestler, Arthur, ref1
Kohl, Helmut, ref1, ref2
Korean War, ref1
Labour party: origins, ref1; Lib–Lab pact (1903), ref1; MPs (1906), ref1; support for war declaration, ref1; coalition cabinet, ref1, ref2; supporters, ref1; membership, ref1; radical policy proposals, ref1; constitution (1918), ref1; socialism, ref1; main opposition party, ref1, ref2; MPs, ref1; leadership, ref1; free-trade policy, ref1; front bench, ref1; forms minority government (1923), ref1; relationship with Soviet Russia, ref1; response to National Government, ref1; response to Snowden’s budget, ref1; attitude to hunger marches, ref1; opposition to Nazis, ref1; view of League of Nations, ref1; response to Spanish civil war, ref1; joining wartime coalition, ref1; manifesto (1950), ref1; European policy, ref1, ref2, ref3; NEC rejects ‘In Place of Strife’, ref1; Social Contract, ref1, ref2, ref3; SDP split, ref1; death of John Smith, ref1; leadership election (1994), ref1; New Labour, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Labour Representation Committee (LRC), ref1
laissez-faire economics: Conservative position, ref1; Victorian values, ref1, ref2; debate (1902), ref1; Liberal position, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; Lloyd George’s programme, ref1
Lamont, Norman, ref1, ref2
land: ownership, ref1; rents, ref1; taxation, ref1, ref2
Lansbury, George, ref1, ref2
Law, Andrew Bonar: parliamentary style, ref1; background and character, ref1; Conservative leadership, ref1; Irish policy, ref1; war policy, ref1, ref2; attack on government’s conduct of war, ref1; coalition cabinet, ref1; opinion of Churchill, ref1; view of conscription, ref1; Irish Home Rule plan, ref1; declines to form government, ref1; career, ref1; general election (1918), ref1; Lord Privy Seal and Commons leader, ref1; retirement, ref1, ref2; election victory (1922), ref1
Lawrence, Stephen, ref1, ref2
Lawson, Nigeclass="underline" on Thatcher, ref1, ref2; on privatization, ref1; ERM issue, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; resignation, ref1, ref2; Howe’s speech, ref1
Le Corbusier, ref1
League of Nations: established, ref1; US not a member, ref1; British policy, ref1, ref2; German policy, ref1; arbitration role, ref1, ref2; critics of, ref1; British public support for, ref1, ref2, ref3; Manchurian incident, ref1; Stresa declaration (1935), ref1; Italian invasion of Abyssinia, ref1, ref2, ref3; imposes sanction on Italy, ref1, ref2, ref3; Baldwin’s policy, ref1, ref2; recognizes Italian Abyssinia, ref1; discredited, ref1, ref2; British protests at government’s betrayal, ref1; Spanish civil war, ref1; obsolete, ref1; Germany’s occupation of Austria, ref1
League of St George, ref1
Left Book Club, ref1, ref2
Left News, ref1
leisure activities, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Lenin, ref1
Lennon, John, ref1, ref2, ref3
Levin, Bernard, ref1
Lewis, C. S., ref1
Liberal Democrats: by-election gain, ref1; defection to, ref1; leadership, ref1, ref2, ref3; name, ref1
Liberal party: split over Irish Home Rule, ref1, ref2; policies, ref1; effects of Labour emergence, ref1; Lib–Lab pact (1903), ref1; social legislation, ref1; radical wing, ref1; minority government, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; Irish issues (1914), ref1; declaration of war, ref1; ‘shells scandal’, ref1; wartime coalition (1915), ref1; in opposition (1916), ref1; fatal split, ref1, ref2; post-war, ref1; free-trade policy, ref1; split three ways, ref1; extinction, ref1; name, ref1
Liberal Unionist party: coalition with Conservatives, ref1, ref2, ref3
literature: popular reading, ref1; ‘dole literature’, ref1; earnestness and ideology, ref1; stylistic experimentation, ref1; ‘angry young men’, ref1; A Clockwork Orange, ref1, ref2; Harry Potter, ref1
Live Aid concert, ref1
Liverpooclass="underline" riots (1911), ref1; cinemas, ref1; the ‘pools’, ref1; living below the poverty line, ref1; slums, ref1; evacuees, ref1; docks bombed, ref1; NHS rejected by doctors, ref1; Garston ‘blood baths’, ref1; slum clearance, ref1; football fans, ref1; Cavern Club, ref1, ref2; Beatles, ref1; influence on Foot, ref1; invigoration, ref1
Livingstone, Ken, ref1, ref2
Lloyd, Selwyn, ref1
Lloyd George, David: chancellor, ref1, ref2; background, character and career, ref1; relationship with Asquith, ref1; ‘People’s Budget’ (1909), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; George V’s view of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; response to strikes (1910–11), ref1, ref2; response to suffragettes, ref1; view of Law, ref1; view of Dardanelles plan, ref1; munitions department proposal, ref1; wartime reputation, ref1; minister of munitions, ref1; view of conscription, ref1; Irish Home Rule plan, ref1; war secretary, ref1; coalition government, ref1; supporters, ref1, ref2, ref3; war strategy, ref1, ref2; national coalition (1918), ref1, ref2; election victory (1918), ref1, ref2; cabinet (1918), ref1; Versailles peace conference and Treaty, ref1, ref2; unemployment insurance, ref1; action against strikers, ref1; public spending cuts, ref1; response to IRA campaign, ref1, ref2; fourth Irish Home Rule Bill (1920), ref1; sale of peerages and knighthoods, ref1; support for Greece, ref1; resignation, ref1, ref2; Liberal leadership (1926), ref1; election campaign (1929), ref1; public works programme, ref1, ref2, ref3; Independent Liberals, ref1; opinion of Chamberlain, ref1; on need for Russian support, ref1; calls for Chamberlain’s resignation, ref1; on Macmillan, ref1
local councils: women serving on, ref1; housing, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; elections, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; Thatcher’s view of, ref1; community charge (poll tax), ref1, ref2, ref3; obligation to asylum seekers, ref1
Locarno Treaty (1925), ref1, ref2, ref3
London: suburbs, ref1, ref2; transport, ref1, ref2; homelessness, ref1; traffic, ref1, ref2; Zeppelin raids, ref1, ref2; nightclubs, ref1; hunger marches, ref1, ref2; IRA terror attacks, ref1; general strike, ref1; expansion, ref1; housebuilding, ref1, ref2; BUF marches, ref1; preparations for war (1939), ref1, ref2, ref3; evacuation of children, ref1, ref2; Blitz, ref1, ref2, ref3; NHS rejected by doctors, ref1; hospitals, ref1; coffee bars, ref1; comprehensive education, ref1; smog, ref1, ref2; Notting Hill riots (1958), ref1; Brixton riots (1981), ref1; Harrods bombing, ref1; GLC, ref1, ref2; mugging, ref1; IRA bombs (1996), ref1; Assembly, ref1; Countryside Alliance march, ref1; Carnival against Capitalism, ref1