divine economy, 313–14
divine hypostases, 69–75, 83, 273–81
Wisdom, 70–72, 74, 75
Word, 70, 72–75
divine pyramid, 40–42, 54
divinity, 3–9, 17, 18–45
angels who temporarily become human, 55–61
divine beings born of a god and a mortal, 22–24
divine beings who beget semidivine beings, 62–64
divine humans in ancient Judaism, 47–84
exaltation Christology, 218–46, 249–51, 266, 279, 282, 289, 308
fourth- and fifth-century views on, 325–26, 340–52, 356–70
gods who temporarily became human, 19–22, 249–82
heretic views in early church, 286–321
human who becomes divine, 25–38, 76–82
incarnation Christology, 249–82
Jesus and, 43–45, 61, 124–28, 206–10, 211–46, 247–82, 285–321, 330–52, 356–70
Jesus as God, 353–71
king of Israel, 76–80
Moses as God, 80–82
path that denies, 289–95
pyramid, 40–42
Roman and Greek models of human divinity, 18–43
second- and third-century views on, 285–321, 330–39
two-powers heresy, 67–69
docetists, 295–302, 305, 328
opposed by Ignatius, 298–300
opposed in 1 John, 296–98
dominions, 54
Domitian, 15, 31
“doubt tradition,” and resurrection, 189–92
dreams, 158, 196
dualism, 99–100
Ebionites, 290–91
Egypt, 8, 29, 51, 56–57, 77, 78, 80, 120, 126, 179, 198–99, 261, 303, 315, 337, 339–52, 361
Ehrman, Bart D.:
Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium, 88
Misquoting Jesus, 239
Elijah, 127, 205, 239, 260
Elisha, 127
Elohim, 79
Emmaus, road to, 191
emperor cult, 30–34, 49, 234
empty tomb, 164–69, 173, 184–86, 190, 206
need for, 168–69
women at, 166–68, 184–85, 191
Enlightenment, 172, 284
Enoch, 59–60, 63–64, 66–67, 83, 113, 126, 260
1 Enoch, 63–64, 66–67, 101, 105, 113
2 Enoch, 60
Episcopalianism, 51, 130
Eusebius of Caesarea, 16, 17, 292–94, 341, 347–49
Church History, 293–94
The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine, 347, 348, 358–60
evil, 99–102, 204, 259, 355
exaltation, 5, 7, 8, 218–46, 249–51
Acts and, 218, 225–29
Christology, 218–46, 249–51, 266, 279, 282, 289, 308
Gospels and, 236–46
Jesus as exalted Son of God, 244–46, 249–51
Paul and, 218–30
Romans and, 218–25
transformation into incarnation Christology, 249–51, 282
exodus, 51, 56, 72, 76, 120, 261
Exorcist, The (film), 42
Ezekiel the Tragedian, 61
Fredriksen, Paula, 88
fundamentalism, 88, 144, 172
Gabriel, 54, 64, 241
Galatians, 109, 215, 252–53, 257–58, 296
Christ as an angel in, 252–53, 267
Galilee, 1, 45, 49, 125, 134, 135–36, 167, 175, 205, 234, 244, 352
Garrett, Susan, 252
Gieschen, Charles, 57, 250, 252
Gnosticism, 168, 178–80, 181, 302–7, 309, 311, 324, 328
terminology, 302–3
God, Moses as, 80–82
God of Israel, 69
God on earth, Jesus as, 249–82
good and evil, 99–100, 259, 355
Goranson, Evan, 86, 87
Gospels, 17, 86–98, 102, 126, 166, 286, 373n3
backward movement of Christology and, 236–44
baptism narratives, 237–40
birth narratives, 240–44
exaltation Christology, 236–46
incarnation Christology, 269–79, 297–98
problems and methods of historical Jesus, 87–98
resurrection narratives, 133–36, 140–43, 151–56, 162, 168–69, 181–83, 189–92
visions of Jesus, 189–92, 201–4
See also specific gospels
Goulder, Michael, 188–89
Graham, Billy, 86
Greece, ancient, 5, 13, 11–43, 47, 48, 49, 65, 72, 73, 81, 94, 264, 273
common graves used for criminals, 160–61
divine beings born of a god and a mortal, 22–24
divine pyramid, 40–42
gods who temporarily become human, 19–22
human who becomes divine, 25–38
models of divine humans, 18–43
Greek language, 88, 90, 227, 243, 245, 253–55, 263, 271, 303, 312, 351
Guggenheim, Bill and Judy, 196–97
Hades, 59
Hagar, 56, 250
hallucinations, 187, 189, 193–95, 202
Handel, Georg Friedrich, Messiah, 79, 132
HarperCollins Study Bible, 57
healing, 148, 237
Hebrew, 88, 223, 243
Hebrew Bible, 51–52, 53, 54, 59, 60, 70–74, 76, 78, 81, 114, 116–17, 124, 126, 127, 141, 205, 208, 226, 250, 251, 261, 265, 278, 286–87, 381n12
Hengel, Martin, 158, 370–71
henotheism, 53
Hera, 40, 41
Hercules, 23–24, 241
heresiologists, 290, 303, 319
heresy, 8, 285, 286–321, 329, 335, 366, 382n2
adoptionists, 291–95, 302, 328, 335
of Apollinaris, 367–68
Arianism, 339–52, 356–57, 365, 366, 367
docetists, 295–302, 305, 328
in early church, 286–321, 326, 366–70
Gnostic, 178–80, 302–7, 309, 311, 324, 328
hetero-orthodoxies, 307–19
of Marcellus, 366–67
Marcionites, 300–302, 304, 305, 309, 311
modalism, 308–15, 335, 337
of Nestorius, 368–70
Origen, 315–19
path that denies divinity, 289–95
path that denies humanity, 295–302
path that denies unity, 302–7
terminology, 285, 287–88, 319
two-powers, 67–69
Hermes, 21
heterodoxy, 287–88, 319
hetero-orthodoxies, 307–19
Hezekiah, King, 80
Hierocles, 16–17
The Lover of Truth, 16
Hinduism, 147, 285
Hippolytus, 290–91, 292, 303, 307, 309–15, 329, 335
modalism attacked by, 309–15
Refutation of All Heresies, 291, 292, 309–11
Holocaust, 145
Homer, 40
Iliad, 40
Odyssey, 40
Horace, 158
Epistle, 158
human realm, 4
angels who temporarily become human, 55–61
divine beings born of a god and a mortal, 22–24
divine humans in ancient Judaism, 47–84
fourth- and fifth-century views on, 325–26, 340–52, 356–70
gods who temporarily become human, 19–22, 249–82
human who becomes divine, 25–38, 76–82
Jesus as God on earth, 249–82
path that denies, 295–302
Roman and Greek models of human divinity, 18–43
second- and third-century views on, 285–321, 330–39
Hurtado, Larry, 61, 235
hymns, 216–17
hypostases, divine, 69–75, 83, 273–81
hypostasis (term), 69–70
hysteria, 188
Ignatius, 298–300
docetists opposed by, 298–300
imminence, 102
incarnation Christology, 8, 249–82, 295, 297–98
Adam and, 259–62
beyond, 282
exaltation Christology transformed into, 249–51, 282
in John, 249, 266, 269–79
in Letter to the Colossians, 280
in Letter to the Hebrews, 280–81
in Paul, 251–69, 270, 280
in Philippians Christ Poem, 253, 254–66, 267, 278, 281
independent attestation, criterion of, 95–96
Inquisition, 144
Iphicles, 24
Irenaeus, 303, 307
Islam, 38, 147, 199, 284–85
Israel, 51–52, 65–66, 98, 114–15, 116, 242, 261, 265, 301
king of, 76–80, 114, 119
Jacob, 58, 331, 332
Jairus, 205
James, 192, 203, 238, 291
Jaoel, 59
Jerome, Dialogue Against Luciferians, 357
Jerusalem, 45, 97, 114, 120, 134, 135, 136, 155, 159, 162, 166, 175, 228, 245