19. Letter, C. Fust to Reichssippenamt, June 29, 1936, BA R1509/555.
20. Meeting Minutes of Breslau Party Comrades, July 2, 1936, NA RG242, T-175, Reel 410, Frames 2934957-58; Aly and Roth, 74.
21. “Sales School Is Opened,” NYT, July 15, 1936; “Confidential Report on Our Dealings with War Ministries in Europe,” J.W. Schotte to L.H. La Motte, p. 1, circa spring 1940, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; see Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, September 9, 1939, IBM Files.
22. “Monthly Average Card Cost and Selling Price Per Country, Three Months Ended March 31, 1939,” Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
23. “Aryan to Be Dropped by Reich Law Texts,” NYT, February 17, 1939.
24. “Japan Withdraws Parley Bid,” NYT, January 27, 1938; Letter, Thomas J. Watson to Franklin D. Roosevelt, June 9, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/399.
25. Memorandum, William D. Hassett to Cordell Hull, June 13, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/399.
26. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 5, 1939, p. 1, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
27. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 5, 1939, p. 1, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
28. “Terrors of Nazis Related by Benes,” NYT, June 3, 1939. Shirer, p. 448.
29. “Terrors of Nazis Related by Benes,” NYT, June 3, 1939.
30. “Terrors of Nazis Related by Benes,” NYT, June 3, 1939.
31. Broadcast Transcript, Station WJZ, June 29, 1939, p. 8, NA RG59 600.00171/402; Transcript, Closing Address, Thomas J. Watson to ICC Congress, July 1, 1939, p. 3, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
32. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to Franklin D. Roosevelt, July 5, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
33. See Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Memorandum for the State Department for Preparation of Reply for My Signature,” July 15, 1939, from State Department’s Adviser on Political Relations, Division of International Conferences, and Division of European Affairs; also see Note, Division of Protocol to Fenstermacher, Department of State, July 16, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402; also see Note, Adviser on International Economic Affairs, Department of State, July 21, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
34. Draft Letter, Franklin D. Roosevelt to Thomas J. Watson, circa July 22, 1939, and see accompanying memos July 19-22, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
35. Review Memo, J. Hickerson to Reviewers, Department of State, Division of European Affairs, July 19, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402, 600.00171/405.2
36. Memorandum, Stinebower, Department of State, Advisor on International Economic Affairs, July 20, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
37. Memo, Department of State, Assistant Secretary, October 6, 1939, NA RG59 600.00171/402.
38. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960), pp. 594-595, 597.
39. “Hitler in Warsaw, Cites It As Warning; 75 Per Cent of Polish Capital Reduced to Ruins,” NYT, October 6, 1939; see Shirer, p. 597.
40. “250,000 Jews Listed As Dead in Poland,” NYT, January 23, 1940; “Sikorski Calls Nazis Barbarians in Poland,” NYT, November 30, 1939; also see “Polish Atrocities Charged by Nazis,” NYT, September 9, 1939.
41. Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1961, Harper Colophon Books, 1979), p. 126; Notes for an Oral Report, prepared by Blaskowitz, February 6, 1940, NO-3011 cited in Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, p. 127; see “Nazis Hint Purge of Jews in Poland,” NYT, September 13, 1939.
42. “Nazis Hint Purge of Jews in Poland,” NYT, September 13, 1939.
43. Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, September 9, 1939, IBM Files.
44. Robert Sobel, IBM: Colossus in Transition (New York: Truman Talley Books, 1981), pp. 80, 86; James W. Cortada, Before the Computer: IBM, NCR, Burroughs, and Remington Rand and the Industry They Created, 1865-1956 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 134; James Connally, History of Computing in Europe (IBM World Trade Corporation, circa 1967), pp. E-11, E-13; see Emerson W. Pugh, Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1995), p. 53, plus attached photo; Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, September 9, 1939, IBM Files.
45. Cortada, 134.
46. Sobel, 80; Dehomag Notes on Telephonic Discussions with Geneva, September 29, 1939, IBM Files; Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, September 9, 1939, plus attached statement, IBM Files.
47. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, date-stamped September 13, 1939, IBM Files.
48. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, date-stamped September 13, 1939, IBM Files; Letter, Watson’s Secretary to J.C. Milner, September 13, 1939, IBM Files; Letter, J.C. Milner to J.G. Phillips, Geneva, March 15, 1939, IBM Files; Letter, J.C. Milner to H.K. Chauncey, April 6, 1938, IBM Files; Letter, H. Rottke to J.C. Milner, April 11, 1938, IBM Files.
49. Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, November 17, 1939, IBM Files; Dehomag Notes on Telephonic Discussions with Geneva, September 29, 1939, p. 1, IBM Files; Connally, pp. 43, E-15.
50. Dehomag Notes on Telephonic Discussions with Geneva, September 29, 1939, IBM Files.
51. Dehomag Notes on Telephonic Discussions with Geneva, September 29, 1939, IBM Files.
52. Dehomag Notes on Telephonic Discussions with Geneva, p. 2, September 29, 1939, IBM Files.
53. Letter and Attached Statement, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, September 9, 1939, IBM Files.
54. Express Letter, Heydrich to Einsatzgruppen, September 21, 1939, USHMM Folder B; Reinhard Heydrich, Implementation Order No.1 for the Regulation of October 26, 1939 for the Introduction of Forced Labor for the Jewish Population in the Government-General, December 11, 1939, VBIGG, 1939, pp. 231-232 cited in Arad et al., eds., Documents on the Holocaust, trans. Lea Ben Dor (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981; Bison Books, 1999), pp. 179-180.
55. Express Letter, Heydrich to Einsatzgruppen, September 21, 1939, USHMM Folder B; Heydrich, Implementation Order No.1 for the Regulation of October 26, 1939, for the Introduction of Forced Labor for the Jewish Population in the Government-General, December 11, 1939, VBIGG, 1939, pp. 231-232 cited in Arad et al., pp. 179-180.
56. Express Letter, Heydrich to Einsatzgruppen, September 21, 1939, USHMM Folder B; Heydrich, Implementation Order No.1 for the Regulation of October 26, 1939, for the Introduction of Forced Labor for the Jewish Population in the Government-General, December 11, 1939, VBIGG, 1939, pp. 231-232 cited in Arad et al., pp. 179-180.