36. “Confidential Report on Our Dealings with War Ministries of Europe,” J.W. Schotte to L.H. La Motte, circa spring 1940, p. 5, Attachment, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
37. Lauersen, p. 15, BA R3/17a fol.1.
38. “Machines as of September 30, 1940,” IBM Files.
39. “Machines as of September 30, 1940,” IBM Files.
40. “Confidential Report on Our Dealings with War Ministries of Europe,” J.W. Schotte to L.H. La Motte, circa spring 1940, p. 2, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; H.B. Fellinger, General Report, August 8, 1945, p. 2, IBM Files.
41. Letter, IBM to H.K. Chauncey, October 20, 1941, RG60; see CSDIC, “Secret Report: PW Intelligence Bulletin No. 2/57,” April 25, 1945, section III, pp. 12-13, NA RG226.
42. “Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242,” submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; Pugh, p. 48: H.J. Carter, Draft Interview Notes with J.W. Schotte, June 14-16, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
43. Connally, pp. E-9-E-15; “Monthly Average Card Cost and Selling Price Per Country, Three Months Ended March 31, 1939,” Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60. Letter, J.G. Phillips to Netherlands Consulate General, September 17, 1940, DNA RG2.06.09 Box 7; H.J. Carter, Draft Interview Notes with J.W. Schotte, June 14-16, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG 60.
44. J.W. Schotte, War Memorandum, April 1940, pp. 2-4, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; NA RG242, T-73 Reel 8; Summary of Enemy Economic Developments #90, Ministry of Economic Warfare, June 4, 1940, p. 12, PRO FO 337/440.
45. NA RG242, T-73 Roll 8.
46. NA RG 242 T-73 Roll 8; Hummer, “Die Aufbereitung der Volks- und Berufszahlung 1933 im Hollerith-Lochkartenverfahren,” Hollerith Nachrichten (HN) 28 (August 1933): 343; Bohlerwerk Card is author’s copy; also see BA NS 48/6.
47. Bohlerwerk Card is author’s copy.
48. BA NS 48/6.
49. Hummer, p. 345; Lauersen, p. 15, BA R3/17a fol.1; “Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242,” pp. 3-4, submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; Rudolf Lawin, “Die Auszahlung einer Wohnungsbestandsaufnahme im Hollerith-Verfahren,” HN 58 (February 1936): 773; “Reich Housing Law segregates Jews,” NYT, May 5, 1939.
50. Rassenamt and Heiratsamt Cards, BA NS 48/6; Hummer, p. 345; Bohlerwerk Card is author’s copy; “Report on Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242,” p. 9, submitted by Harold J. Carter, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, December 8, 1943, NA RG60.
51. “Card featuring POWs,” NA RG 242, T-73, Reel 8.
52. “Card featuring POWs,” NA RG 242, T-73, Reel 8.
53. “Card featuring POWs,” NA RG 242, T-73, Reel 8.
54. CSDIC, “Secret Report: PW Intelligence Bulletin No. 2/57,” section III, p. 13, NA RG226; “Oral Testimony of Jean-Frederic Veith,” The Avalon Project: Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Vol. 6, January 28, 1946, www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon; schematic drawings, NA RG 242, T-73, Reel 8, Frames 1053289 and 1053381.
55. Dehomag Calculation of Bonus on Profits, February 16, 1940, IBM Files.
56. Letter, W.A. Pithie to F.C. Elstob, April 22, 1940, IBM Files.
57. “$5,996,482 Earned on Office Machines,” NYT, July 26, 1940.
58. Transcript, American Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce, April 29, 1940, Hagley Accession 1960, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Box 9, pp. 405, 410-412; “Van Zeeland Tells Business Key Role,” NYT, April 30, 1940; “They Are All Coming on 12 Special Trains,” NYT, May 13, 1940.
59. Transcript, American Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce, April 29, 1940, p. 405, Hagley Accession 1960.
60. Gallup Question, circa spring 1940, USGALLUP.051940.RK02B.
61. Letter, Cordell Hull to Thomas J. Watson, May 20, 1940, IBM Files; FBI, File No. 65-205, January 13, 1941, NA RG59 862.20211.
62. Letter, Cordell Hull to Thomas J. Watson, May 20, 1940, IBM Files.
63. “$3 Million for Dutch Relief,” NYT, May 24, 1940.
64. “Sales School Is Opened,” NYT, July 15, 1936; Connally, p. E-9; FBI, File No. 65-205, June 6, 1940, January 13, 1941, and attached material, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60 862.20211; “Leaders of Bund Indicted in New Jersey,” NYT, October 12, 1940; “Nazis Aid Protesters,” NYT, October 11, 1940; “Says Bund Mapped Wall St. Hangings,” NYT, October 5, 1940.
65. FBI, File No. 862.20211, June 6, 1940, pp. 1-4, NA RG59 862.20211; FBI, Case Report, File No. 65-290, Karl Georg Ruthe, January 18, 1940, October 11, 1940, NA RG59 800.20211; FBI, Case Report, File No. 65-721, Karl Georg Ruthe, October 2, 1940, NA RG59 800.20211; FBI, Case Report, File No. 65-6344, Karl Georg Ruthe, February 13, 1941, NA RG59 800.20211.
66. FBI, Case Report, File No. 65-290, Georg Ruthe, October 11, 1940, April 8, 1941, NA RG59 800.20211; FBI, Case Report File No. 65-205, NA RG59 862.20211.
67. Letter, F.W. Nichol to Sumner Welles, June 10, 1940 NA RG 59 800.20211.
68. FBI, Case Report, File 65-290, Georg Ruthe, April 8, 1941, p. 2, NA RG 59 800.20211.
69. FBI, Case Report, File 65-290, Georg Ruthe, October 11, 1940, pp. 1, 2, April 8, 1941, NA RG59 800.20211.
70. FBI, Case Report, File 65-290, Karl Georg Ruthe, October 2, 1940, p. 1, October 11, 1940, p. 1, NA RG59 800.20211.
71. Letter, F.W. Nichol to Sumner Welles, June 10, 1940, NA RG59 800.20211.
72. Letter, F.W. Nichol to Sumner Welles, June 10, 1940, NA RG59 800.20211.
73. FBI, Case Report, File 65-721, Karl Georg Ruthe, October 2, 1940, NA RG 59 800.20211.
74. “200 Planes Drop 1,100 Bombs on Paris,” NYT, June 4, 1940.
75. “‘Better Learn German,’ Nazi Says to a Brazilian,” NYT, June 4, 1940.
76. “Refugee Describes Netherland Dread,” NYT, June 7, 1940; “French Admit Loss,” NYT, June 7, 1940; “From the European Cauldron,” American Hebrew, June 7, 1940.
77. “1937 Hitler Decoration Is Returned by Watson,” NYT, June 7, 1940; William Rodgers, Think: A Biography of the Watsons and IBM (New York: Stein and Day, 1969), p. 127.
IX: THE DEHOMAG REVOLT
1. Letter, H. Rottke to W. Heidinger, June 10, 1940, IBM Files.
2. Transcript, H.K. Chauncey Interview with K. Hummel, circa November 1940, IBM Files; Telephone Message, P. Taylor, August 19, 1940, IBM Files; Volkischer Beobachter, June 9, 1940, cited in Letter, H. Rottke to W. Heidinger, June 10, 1940, IBM Files.
3. Transcript, H.K. Chauncey Interview with K. Hummel, circa November 1940, p. 2, IBM Files; Letter, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, June 10, 1940, pp. 1, 2, IBM Files; Telephone Message, P. Taylor, August 19, 1940, IBM Files.