Ruhr, the 68, 81, 323
rumours 107, 108, 181–2, 227, 298
Saß, Helmuth 238, 259
Saundby, Air Vice Marshal Sir Robert 61, 71, 76
Schiffbek 20
Schleswig-Holstein 8, 183, 186, 252
Schoene, Pastor Johannes 124, 301–2
Scholl, Hans 347–8
Schramm, Ruth 225
Schurig, Rudolf 112–13, 121, 174–5, 278
Schwabedissen, Generalleutnant 93, 94
SD (Sicherheitsdienst) 39
Searby, John 105
searchlights 74, 93, 97–8, 195, 254, 255
Second World War
civilian casualties 337
destruction of Hamburg as defining moment xv–xvi
end of 308–9
tragedy of xiii–xiv
turning points 235–6, 240
Sheffield 56
shipping 13
shortages 39
situation 27 July 176
sleep deprivation 175, 185
smell 195, 290–1, 294, 309
smoke 123, 124, 146, 149, 176, 193, 195, 196, 200, 201, 249
smoke inhalation 200, 229–30
smoke pots 169
Smuts, Jan 47–8
Snape, Sergeant R. 251–2
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 21, 25, 29–30
soldiers, reaction to the bombing 235
Soltwedel, Gotthold 112
South Africans 103
Southampton 311
Soviet Union 235, 323–4, 336
Spaatz, Carl 64
Spaight, J. M. 52
Spanish Civil War 53
Spartacists 19
Speer, Albert 233, 234, 244, 323–4, 326, 333
Speicherstadt, the 17
Spence, Magnus 71
‘Splasher’ radio beacons 164
SS 39, 121, 183, 238, 290, 293
St Elmo’s Fire 272–3, 276
Staatstheater 180
Stadtdeich, the 207
Stadtpark, the 5, 238
Stalingrad, battle of 40, 235, 243–4
Stammers, Wiebke 27–8, 39
state of emergency declared 121
‘State of Major Catastrophe’ 182
Steenwisch 177
Stephen, Sergeant A. 275–6
Stokes, Richard 337
Stoltenpark, the 211, 226–7
storm, 2 August 266–7, 268, 270–6
strategic bombing
1940–3 55–8, 61–3
accuracy 57, 59, 66, 164, 186, 334
denial of consequences xiv–xv
development 45–6, 50–3
early Second World War 53–5
effectiveness survey 318–22
escalation xiv, 56
First World War 46–50
legitimate targets 335–7, 344
moral questions 332–41
morale effects 49, 57–8
as second front 323–4
tactics 203–4
targets 50
Süderstrasse 6
Sullivan, James 273
Summers, Brad 151–3
superstition 85
survivors’ stories, effect of 243–4
Swan, Peter 279
Swansea 56
Sweden 139, 279
‘swing youth’ 40
Tandy, Napper 11
target indicators 99, 111–14, 192, 280
telephone network 176, 304
Termer, Dr Franz 123–4, 177, 267
Thälmann, Ernst 20, 21
Things to Come(film) 51
thousand-bomber raid, Cologne, 1942 63
Tiefstack power station 303
The Times234
Timperley, Trevor 193, 195, 280
‘Tinsel’ 76
Titschak, Erich 207–9, 226, 231
Tizard, Sir Henry 69–70
Tokyo, firebombing of 334
total war 50
transport system 176
trees, bloom in September 306–7
Trenchard, Brigadier-General Sir Hugh 48–9, 50, 51, 60
Trojan Horse B17s 172
tuberculosis 312
Turin 268
Turkey 45
Turner, Geoff 100
typhoid 182
typhus 293
U-boat yards, recovery of 304
U-boats 322, 335
Ufa-Palast cinema 303
unemployment 24, 25, 31
United States of America
air-raid scares 52
attitude to the bomber war 338–9
German immigration 15–16
immunity from air attack xvii–xviii
reaction to the bombing 235
reconstruction aid 311
relationship with Hamburg 14–16
war production 63–4
United States Strategic Bombing Survey 261, 318–22, 323
Ursta, George 157
US Eighth Air Force 64, 68, see alsoindividual air raids
4th Bombardment Wing 128–9
VIII Bomber Command 128, 168, 173
91st Bombardment Group 138, 141, 150, 166, 168
97th Bombardment Group 66
303rd Bombardment Group 129, 138, 149, 150, 166, 167, 168, 169
351st Bombardment Group 138, 141, 150, 166, 168, 172
379th Bombardment Group 138, 150, 166, 167
381st Bombardment Group 138, 141, 147, 149, 150, 153, 154, 166
384th Bombardment Group 138, 139, 149, 150, 151, 154–5, 166, 167
532nd Squadron 154
544th Squadron 155
USAAF (United States Army Air Force)
agrees to bomb Hamburg 69
bombing accuracy 66, 164, 334
brashness 134
casualties 67, 173, 336
contrasts with RAF 132–3
daylight bombing policy 66–7, 132–3, 134–5, 333–4
first raids 65–6
flight formations 133, 164
follow-up raid postponed 185–6
grounded 248
lack of experience 132
life expectancy 135–6
RAF co-operation with 65
raid on Hamburg, June 1943 129, 138
raid on Kiel 248
rest policy 165
statistics 394–5
suspends operations 124–5
tactics 133, 134–5, 146, 333–4
target policy 338
victory claims 164–5
USDP (Independent Social Democratic Party) 18
utilities, restoration of 303–4
Vergangenheitsbewältigung 332
Versailles, Treaty of 25, 30–1
Voght & Sieveking 14
Völkischer Beobachter(newspaper) 245
Voss, Hannah 241
‘wakey-wakey’ pills 78
Wandsbek 32, 109, 221, 224
Wandsbeker Chaussee 221
war crimes 331
war declared 33
war economy, effect on 322–3
War in the Air, The(Wells) 45
war industries, return to production 304
Warboys 105
Warnemünde 130, 131, 145, 248
Warsaw, bombing of 54
Washington Post235
water supply 35, 177, 183, 288, 293, 304
weather 81, 123, 129–30, 137, 186, 202, 266–7, 268, 269
Wehrmann, Pastor Jürgen 305
Weir, Lord 49
Weise, Generaloberst 257, 278
Weldon, Joe 255
Wellham, Reg 197–8
Wells, H. G. 45
Wesermünde 172
White Rose movement 40
Wilde Sau fighters 191–2, 195–6,251, 254, 326
Wilhelmshaven 18, 172, 198
Wilken, Erika and Willi 217–18, 231
Wilmott, Tommy 309
wind 123
‘Window’ 75–6, 78–9, 82–3, 87, 92, 94–5, 97–8, 103, 105–6, 113, 182, 188, 189–90, 198, 250, 252, 254, 278
Winter, 1946–7 315
Winterhude 5, 123
wireless operators 79, 83, 87, 103, 142
Wittenburg 238
Witter, Ben 219, 292, 293
Wolff-Mönckeberg, Emil 124–5
Wolff-Mönckeberg, Mathilde 34, 123, 124–5, 294, 301–2
Workers’ and Soldiers’ Council 20
working hours 38
World Trade Center, 11 September terrorist attacks xvii–xviii
Wray, Air Commodore A. M. 188
Wulff, Herbert 205, 227, 230–1
Wuppertal xv, 68, 201
‘Würzburg’ radar system 74, 76, 97, 190
Zassenhaus, Hiltgunt 114–15, 175, 176–7, 240–1
‘Zephyrs’ 81
zeppelins 15, 34, 47