Héru, noun lord. Other sources, like the Silmarillion Appendix and the Etymologies, give heru with a short e – though in Etym, a long vowel turns up in the "Old Noldorin" cognate khéro master (LR:364 s.v. kher-). In Letters:283, the Quenya word for lord is quoted as hér, Tolkien adding heru as a parenthetical alternative; the new form héru seems to combine these two alternatives. In VT41:9, reproducing a document dating from the late sixties, the Quenya word is again hér, which Tolkien here refers to Common Eldarin khêr. In PM:210 the Quenya word for lord is said to be "heru, hêr-"; this could be taken to mean that the word heru turns into hér- if you add an ending (e.g. genitive *héro), but it is uncertain precisely what Tolkien meant. Again héru apparently combines both heru and hér-. As for the etymology, the primitive form of heru (sic) is given as kherû master in Letters:178, 282; the root is there given as kher- possess (cf. kher- rule, govern, possess in the Etymologies, LR:364). The ending -û may simply denote a (masculine) animate, as in primitive atû father or *Erû the One (see the discussion of Eru under Eruo for references), but in primitive kherû the ending takes on an agental significance: In light of the root meaning, a kherû is a "lord" perceived as a possessor or ruler, governor. The variant form héru in the text before us must be assumed to represent an alternative primitive form *khêrû with lengthening of the stem-vowel. Such lengthening is quite common (though not universal) in conjunction with another ending that can be either agental or simply masculine, namely -ô; for instance, the stem kan- cry yields a primitive noun kânô crier, herald (PM:361, 362; this is said to be an example of "the older and simplest agental form"). Perhaps, then, the much rarer ending -û could also be combined with lengthening of the stem-vowel. – A final possibility, suggested above in connection with the somewhat surprising form Átaremma rather than Ataremma for our Father (atar father having a short initial vowel in all other attestations), is that normal, common nouns may be strengthened by lengthening a vowel when they are used as divine titles. Hence atar > #Átar and perhaps likewise heru > Héru.
hyame, verb pray, attested in conjunction with the imperative particle á (that may indeed be directly prefixed to produce áhyame; as indicated above, it is not quite clear how we should read Tolkien’s manuscript). Hyame would seem to represent the uninflected stem of a "basic" verb #hyam- pray, never before attested. Earlier we only had Erukyermë for Prayer to Eru in UT:166, 436. Since the group ky may seem to be abnormal for Quenya (primitive ky normally becomes ty), it has been suggested that Erukyermë might be a misreading for **Eruhyermë in Tolkien’s manuscript. This would point to **hyer- as the stem of the verb pray, at least slightly more similar to #hyam- in the text before us. However, Christopher Tolkien in a letter to David Salo indicates that the reading Erukyermë is certainly correct; the form occurs repeatedly in a typewritten manuscript that was moreover carefully corrected by his father. The #kyer- of Erukyermë is evidently wholly unrelated to the #hyam- of Hail Mary, though both seem to be verbal stems meaning pray (the word Erukyermë was probably coined about a decade after the Hail Mary-translation was made, found in a text apparently written not long before 1965; cf. UT:7). No plausible etymology for #hyam- can be proposed; it would probably require a primitive stem *khyam- or *syam-, *skyam-.
i 1) definite article: i Héru the Lord, i yáve the fruit; 2) relative pronoun who, both singular and pluraclass="underline" Átaremma i ëa… our Father who is…, tien i úcarer those who trespass/sin. Both usages are well attested before; as for the article, we have for instance i eleni = the stars in Namárië. The phrase i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar eä the One who is above all thrones in Cirion’s Oath in UT:305, 317 includes i used both as an article and as a relative pronoun. For i used as a plural relative pronoun, cf. the phrase i karir quettar those who make words in WJ:391. The Etymologies confirms that i is "in Q…indeclinable article the"; it is derived from a base i- that is defined as that and said to be a "deictic particle" (LR:361). Perhaps we are to understand that Primitive Quendian did not have a definite article as such, but that a particle that originally meant that had its meaning weakened to the (e.g. primitive *i galadâ that tree > Quenya *i alda the tree). The Romance languages got their definite articles just like this: Their ancestor Latin had no word for the, but the meaning of Latin demonstratives (typically ille, illa) was weakened to produce articles like la or el. There is nothing in the Etymologies about i being used as a relative pronoun as well, but this is not a surprising phenomenon. Cf. for instance German, where the articles der, das, die (for various genders and numbers) are also used as relative pronouns.
ilaurëa, adjective daily, everyday: ilaurëa massammaour daily bread. The word as such is new, but in the middle of ilaurëa we discern the well-known noun aurë day. In earlier editions of