12 See Dmitri Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Souclass="underline" A Memoir, p. 256; Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin, A Book of the Blockade, p. 464; and Yelizaveta Muravyeva, interviewee no. 10, European University at St Petersburg Oral History Project, ‘Blokada v sudbakh i pamyati leningradtsev’.
13 Anna Zelenova, Stati, vospominaniya, pisma: Pavlovsky dvorets, istoriya i sudba, p. 115.
14 See Catherine Scott-Clark and Adrian Levy, The Amber Room: The Fate of the World’s Greatest Lost Treasure, New York, 2004.
15 Alexander Werth, Leningrad, pp. 188–9; Harrison Salisbury, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, p. 567.
16 Vera Inber, Leningrad Diary, p. 203 (29 May 1944).
17 A. Z. Vakser, ‘Nastroyeniya leningradtsev poslevoyennogo vremeni 1945–1953 gody’, Nestor, no. 1 (5), p. 311.
18 Werth, Leningrad, pp. 125, 167. He made two visits to Leningrad, in September 1943 and February 1944. For more on the rumour that Leningrad might become the capital again, see Harrison Salisbury, Disturber of the Peace: Memoirs of a Foreign Correspondent, p. 96.
19 NKGB report of 14 March 1945, in Nikita Lomagin, Neizvestnaya blokada, vol. 2, doc. 17, p. 62.
20 ‘They Felt the Pangs of Hunger but Survived the Cruel Siege’, St Petersburg Times, 27 January 2004.
21 Lisa A. Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments, p. 141.
22 Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege of Leningrad: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, pp. 71–4, 76.
23 Roberta Reeder, Anna Akhmatova: Poet and Prophet, pp. 289–93.
24 Solomon Volkov, St Petersburg: A Cultural History, p. 450.
25 Reeder, Anna Akhmatova, p. 293.
26 Richard Bidlack, ‘Ideological or Political Origins of the Leningrad Affair? A Response to David Brandenberger’, The Russian Review, 64/1 (January 2005), p. 94.
27 Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg Khlevniuk, Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953, Oxford, 2004, p. 86.
28 In his memoirs Khrushchev admits that he ‘may have signed the sentencing order. In those days when a case was closed — and if Stalin thought it necessary — he would sign the sentencing order at a Politburo session and then pass it round for the rest of us to sign. We would put our signatures to it without even looking at it.’ Notes to Pages 402–414
29 Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, p. 540.
30 For a vivid description of the Yugoslav visit and Stalin’s decline, see Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, pp. 136–53.
31 Volkov, St Petersburg, p. 454.
32 B. Kostyrchenko, Tainaya politika Stalina, Moscow, 2001, p. 234. Quoted in Donald Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen, p. 245.
33 Reeder, Anna Akhmatova, p. 304; Elliott Mossman, ed., The Correspondence of Boris Pasternak and Olga Freidenberg, 1910–1954, pp. 303–4.
34 Sidney Monas and Jennifer Greene Krupala, eds, The Diaries of Nikolay Punin, 1904–53, pp. 212–13, 219.
35 Likhachev, Reflections on the Russian Soul, p. 255.
1 For an analysis of the cult of the Great Patriotic War in relation to Leningrad, see Chapter 6 of Lisa Kirschenbaum, The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments.
2 See for example A. J. P. Taylor in the New York Review of Books, 10 April 1969.
3 Solomon Volkov, St Petersburg: A Cultural History, p. xvi.
4 For a detailed account of the debate, see ibid., pp. 542–5.
5 Cynthia Simmons and Nina Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege: Women’s Diaries, Memoirs and Documentary Prose, p. 109.
6 Ibid., p. 206.
7 Valentina Stolbova and Aelita Vostrova, interviewees nos 12 and 17, European University at St Petersburg Oral History Project, ‘Blokada v sudbakh i pamyati leningradtsev’.
8 Simmons and Perlina, eds, Writing the Siege, p. 109. For more on the tensions between old residents and new, see Siobhan Peeling, ‘Dirt, disease and disorder: population re-placement in postwar Leningrad and the “danger” of social contamination’, in Nick Baron and Peter Gatrell, eds, Warlands: Population Resettlement and State Reconstruction in Soviet Eastern Europe, 1945–1950.
9 Mariya Berggolts, commentary to Olga Berggolts, ‘Blokadniy dnevnik’, Zvezda, 3, April 1991, p. 144.
Bibliography
Adamovich, Ales, and Daniil Granin, Blokadnaya Kniga, Leningrad, 1989. Published in English as A Book of the Blockade, trans. Hilda Perham, Moscow, 1983.
– ‘Blokadnaya kniga: Glavy, kotorykh v knige ne bylo’, Zvezda, 5–6, 1992, p. 8.
Akhmatova, Anna, Selected Poems, trans. Richard McKane, London, 1989.
— Selected Poems, trans. Stanley Kunitz and Max Hayward, London, 1989.
Alshits, Daniil, ‘Istorizm i antiistorizm — ikh rol i znacheniye v sovremennoi nauke, politike i kulture’, in Istoriya Rossii: issledovaniya i razmyshleniya — sbornik statei k 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya doktora istoricheskikh nauk Valentina Mikhailovicha Kovalchuka, St Petersburg, 2006.
Antonov, A. N., ‘Children born during the Siege of Leningrad in 1942’, Journal of Paediatrics, 1947, pp. 250–59.
Applebaum, Anne, Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps, London, 2003.
Ardov, Revd Michael, ed., Memories of Shostakovich: Interviews with the Composer’s Children, trans. Rosanna Kelly and Michael Meylac, London, 2004.
Arutyunyan, Brezh, and Arkadi Burlakov, ‘Nekotorye voprosy istoriografii boyevykh deistviy v bitve za Leningrad’, in E. V. Ilyin, ed., Bitva za Leningrad: problemy sovremennykh issledovaniy, St Petersburg, 2007.
Bagiyan, G. A., Gatchina: goryachaya osen sorok pervogo, Gatchina, 2005.
Bakhareva, Yu. Yu., and T. V. Kovaleva, eds, Arkhitektory blokadnogo Leningrada (exhibition catalogue, Gosudarstvenniy Muzei Istorii Sankt-Peterburga), St Petersburg, 2005.
Barber, John, and Andrei Dzeniskevich, eds, Zhizn i smert v blokirovannom Leningrade: istoriko-meditsinskiy aspekt, St Petersburg, 2001. Published in English as Life and Death in Besieged Leningrad, 1941–44, New York, 2005.
Barber, John and Mark Harrison, eds, The Soviet Home Front 1941–1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II, London, 1991.
Beaumont, Joan, Comrades in Arms: British Aid to Russia 1941–1945, London, 1980.
Beevor, Antony, Stalingrad, London, 1998.
— Berlin: The Downfall 1945, London, 2002.
Berggolts, Olga, Govorit Leningrad, Leningrad, 1945.
– ‘Iz dnevnikov Olgi Berggolts’, Vremya i my, 6, 57 (1980), p. 270 (covers September 1941–October 1949).
– ‘Dnevnye zvezdy’, Ogonyok, 19 (5 May 1990), p. 16.