Pisa branch of, 118, 119, 120, 232
political power and, 83–84, 117–18
premises of, 34
profits made by, 38–39, 91, 99
registering of new branches of, 120
restructuring of, 170–71
Roman Church and, 47–48, 51–52, 91, 92, 93, 97, 113, 169, 224, 242
Rome branch of, 47–48, 52, 61, 64, 83, 91, 92, 110–11, 167, 168, 169, 172, 175, 180, 190, 198, 219, 224, 232
rules for branches of, 49–50, 63
St. Cosma’s Day holiday observed by, 133
Sassetti as general manager of, 170–71, 180–81, 228, 232
“secret books” of, 50
Sforza and, 106, 117–18, 146, 150
shareholders of, 49, 219
tax evasion and, 73, 82
Venice branch of, 48, 50–51, 63, 83, 91, 96, 98, 112, 116, 135, 146, 172, 201, 231, 232
Medici family, 2–5
Albizzi family’s political struggle with, 88–98
amount of bank profits taken by, 39
aristocratic presumptions of, 160–61, 170, 178, 246
church of, see San Lorenzo, Church of
common traits found in, 5
confiscation of wealth of, 4
currency exchange as source of wealth of, 40, 44
as dukes, 246
expulsion from Florence of, 234, 246
Florence warehouse of, 40
Florentine roots of, 28
insignia of, 85, 126, 128
manipulative genius of, 48–49, 50
as merchants, 39–40
name saints of, 125, 126
palazzo of, see Palazzo Medici political and financial power of, 83–84, 88, 117–18, 143–45, 148–49, 167, 200, 204, 217, 223
as priors of Florence, 19
puns made on name of, 91
status of, 62
textile factories owned by, 82
upheavals in periods preceding and following, 5–9
villas owned by, 82–83, 97, 163, 186, 231
warehouse of, 40
Mehmet II, Sultan, 73, 147
Memling, Hans, 178–79, 230, 231
“mental usury,” 24
mercenaries, 77, 80, 86, 89, 98
warlord leaders of, see condottieri
Merchants’ Guild (Arte di Calimala), 33, 58
Merchants of the Staple, 114
metaphysics:
as basis of moral law, 15
money and, 124
Michelangelo Buonarroti, 5, 13
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 56, 58–59, 99, 104, 124, 172
Milan, 87, 145, 155, 214
in Italy’s internal wars, 67–68, 71–73, 76–79, 84, 88, 90, 99–100, 106, 116–18, 141, 146, 150, 218, 221
Medici bank branch in, 150, 172–73, 175, 181, 190, 220, 232
in “Most Holy League,” 147
as republic, 141
Sforza’s taking of, 146
Milanese silver imperial, 43
Mirandola, Pico della, 209, 240
Monastic Institutes, 62
money:
amorality of, 238
art patronage and morality and, 186–88
dangers of transportation of, 21, 22, 110, 114
fourteenth-century poem about, 17–18
intrinsic value and, 12–13
magic and, 34
moral law and exchange of, 11–15
political power tied to art and, 2, 9, 10, 15, 17–19, 87–89, 93, 100, 108, 117–18, 124, 145, 158–59, 161, 164–65, 212
religious patronage and, 124
ritual and, 30
Roman Church and international flow of, 20–22
social order and, 15, 18, 158
speed of profit or loss of deals in, 51
see also banking; currency; usury
monopolies:
on alum, 190, 193
viewed as sin, 193–94
Montesecco, Count, 215–16
moral law:
banking and, 11–15
metaphysical basis of, 15
mortal sins, 24
“Most Holy League,” 147
Muhammad, 14
Murate, 64
myth, 209
name saints, 169
of Medici family, 125, 126
Naples, 48, 196, 212–13
claimant to papacy in, 51
in Italy’s internal wars, 67–68, 76, 146, 218, 221, 225, 244
Lorenzo de’ Medici’s diplomatic trip to, 222–23
Medici bank branch in, 48, 50, 201, 219, 232
in “Most Holy League,” 147
ruling families of, 68, 116, 141, 218
siege of, 9
Nasi, Bartolomea de’, 239
nature:
monopolies viewed as violation of, 193–94
usury viewed as violation of, 13–15
nephews, given hereditary precedent over daughters, 205–6
Neroni, Dietisalvi, 154, 157, 167
Niccoli, Niccolò, 55, 121
nobility, 6, 16–17, 77, 162
see also aristocracy
Nori, Francesco, 173, 182, 217
North Africa, as source of slaves, 10, 63
Officers of the Night, 36, 103, 178
On Oratory (Cicero), 62
“On Republican Education” (Patrizi), 238
“On the Kingdom and Education of Kings” (Patrizi), 238
“On the Prince” or “On the Citizen” (Bartolomeo), 238
Orsini, Rinaldo, 204
Orsini family, 163, 178, 202
otto di guardia, 139, 156, 165, 167
Ottoman Turks, 67, 134–35, 147, 176, 194–95, 197, 223, 244
Padua, 10, 98
Palazzo della Signoria, 88, 94, 95, 97, 118, 138, 145, 192, 216, 217, 218, 226, 241
Palazzo Medici, 102, 104, 105, 114–15, 122, 145, 151, 154, 157, 159, 164, 168, 174, 208, 215, 245
Papal Chamber, Depositary of, 47
Papal States, 16, 116, 145, 203, 213
in Italy’s internal wars, 67, 99–100, 218
see also Rome
Parenti, Marco, 107, 227
Paris, 112
parliament, of Florence, 94–96, 155
balia and, 95–96
Council of 100 formed by, 148–49, 158
function of, 95, 138
Piero de’ Medici’s power and, 165–67
Patrizi, Francesco, 238
Paul II, Pope, 180, 194–98, 201
pawnbrokers, 30–31, 103
Pazzi, Beatrice Borromei, 205
Pazzi, Bianca de’ Medici, 163, 205
Pazzi, Francesco, 212–17
Pazzi, Giovanni, 205
Pazzi, Guglielmo, 205, 213, 217
Pazzi, Iacopo, 213, 217
Pazzi, Renato, 213, 220
Pazzi bank, 204, 212, 214, 227
Pazzi family, 218
and assassination plot against Lorenzo de’ Medici, 211–17, 219
Lorenzo de’ Medici’s dispute with, 204–6
Perugino, Il, 225
Peruzzi bank, 6, 48, 118
Petrarch, 57
Petrucci, Cesare, 216
Piccinino, Iacopo, 223
Piccinino, Niccolò, 78–79, 90, 100, 116, 118, 223
piccioli, 79–80, 226
exchange between florins and, 31–35
silver content of, 33
workers’ salaries paid in, 32, 34
Piccolomini, Enea Silvio, see Pius II, Pope
pirates, 178
Pisa, 19, 67, 71, 90, 118, 154, 204–5, 222
Medici bank branch in, 118, 119, 120, 232
Pitti, Luca, 155, 157, 163, 165, 167, 168, 192
Pius II, Pope, 15, 176, 189, 195
plague, 7–8, 9, 13, 37, 63, 134, 147, 220
Plato, Platonism, 151, 185–88, 207, 210, 236
podestà, 139–40, 143
function of, 137
Poggio Imperiale, 221
political parties:
illegality of, 84, 137
two-party system of, 149
political policy, utile vs. riputazione and, 74–76
political power:
of Cosimo de’ Medici, 3, 86–87
Lorenzo de’ Medici on, 87
of Medici bank, 83–84