Russia (and USSR): cinema in, 329–30; Communism in, 293–4, 754; development of atomic weapons in, 400–1, 507–8; in World War I, 145; Great Terror in, 320–1, 323–4; Gulag in, 315–16, 542–4; psychiatric abuse in, 540–1; science in, 473–6, 481–4; Socialist Realism in, 322–3; Soviet
Russia (and USSR)—cont’d control of arts and sciences in, 316–25; space rockets and travel, 482–5, 566–8; Stalinist repression, 412–13; universities, 73, 317; and world spread of communism, 517
Rutherford, Ernest (later Baron), 90–3, 98, 107, 112, 133–4, 142, 183, 256–7, 261–3, 392–4
Ryazanov, Nikolai, 234
Ryle, Gilbert, 236
Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von, 33
Sachs, Hanns, 11, 505
Sacks, Oliver, 760; The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, 642
Sacy, Silvestre de, 714
Sagan, Françoise: Bonjour Tristesse, 429
Said, Edward, 51, 714–15, 762; Orientalism, 714
Saint Louis, Missouri: Wainwright Building, 81–2; World’s Fair (1903), 112
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 334
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 131
Sakharov, Andrei, 541
Salam, Abdus, 743
Salinger, J. D.: The Catcher in the Rye, 584
Salmon, André, 129
Samoa, 278–9, 665
Samuelson, Paul, 648–9, 704
Sandberg, Wilhelm, 622
Sanger, Fred, 615
Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico, 748
Santayana, George, 110, 324
Sarajevo, 144
Sarnoff, David, 210
Saroyan, William, 409
Sarrau te, Nathalie, 416
Sarris, Greg, 721
Sartre, Jean-Pauclass="underline" as ‘continental’ philosopher, 32; education and background, 286, 407–9; effect on religious thinkers, 575; existentialist philosophy, 233, 407–10, 421, 627, 638, 770; ‘famille’, 412, 421; Lévi-Strauss attacks, 630; and Marcuse’s negation, 503; Nietzsche influences, 39; political beliefs, 410–13, 416; Rorty synthesises, 669; and Simone de Beauvoir, 421
Sarzec, Ernest de, 249
Sassoon, Siegfried, 99, 145, 155
Satie, Erik, 23, 157, 203
Saussure, Ferdinand de, 626, 630
Sautuola, Don Marcelino de, 369
Saxl, Fritz, 223
Say, Jean-Baptiste, 341
Schaeffer, Claude, 251
Schaller, George, 611
Schaudinn, Fritz, 104–5
Scherchen, Hermann, 313
Scherman, Harry, 211
Schiele, Egon, 180
Schiller, Friedrich von, 234
Schlemmer, Oskar, 300–2, 351
Schlesinger, Arthur, 721
Schlick, Moritz, 160, 183, 235–6, 270, 379
Schliemann, Heinrich, 15–16, 54
Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl, 294, 351
Schnitzler, Arthur, 28–30, 32, 36, 44, 55, 59, 192, 227–8; Lieutenant Gusti, 38; The Road into the Open, 28
Schoenberg, Arnold: character and appearance, 55–6; in Entartete Musik exhibition, 313; influence of atomic physics and anthropology on, 3; Kandinsky hears, 64; musical innovations, 56–60, 129, 230; Strauss on, 55; Stravinsky and, 142; in USA, 355–7; in Vienna, 37, 192; Das Buch der hängenden Gärten, 57; Erwartung, 58–9, 61; Pierrot lunaire, 58–9; Second
String Quartet, 57–9; Violin Concerto (Opus 36), 356; Von Heute auf Morgen, 232
Schoenberg, Mathilde (née von Zemlinsky), 56–7
Schofield, Paul, 640
Schonberg, Harold, 56, 129
Schönerer, Georg Ritter von, 43, 243
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 39
Schramm, Percy, 223
Schrödinger, Erwin, 260, 267, 362; What is Life?, 373–4
Schuch, Ernst von, 52
Schulte, Cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, 297
Schultze-Naumburg, Pauclass="underline" Kunst und Rasse, 294–5, 297
Schumacher, E. F., 376
Schumacher, Fritz: Small Is Beautiful, 585–6
Schumann-Heink, Ernestine, 54–5
Schumpeter, Joseph: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 376–8
Schuyler, James, 512
Schwartz, Robert, 660
Schwarz, John, 745
Schweitzer, Albert: Quest for the Historical Jesus, 576
Schwitters, Kurt, 162, 193, 302, 350–1, 355; ‘Merz’ paintings, 162
Scopes, John: trial, 207
Scotland: universities, 74
Scott, Carson Pirie, 82
Scott, J. D., 464
Screw (periodical), 529
Scriabin, Aleksandr, 56
Scruton, Roger, 5; Intelligent Person’s Guide to Modem Culture, 767
Seaborg, Glenn, 507
Searle, G. D. & Co., Chicago, 429
Searle, John, 701–2
Seberg, Jean, 639
Segrè, Emilio, 507
Seier, Eduard, 118
Self, Jim, 515
Sembene, Ousmane, 713
Sen, Amartya, 642, 649–50, 655, 762; Poverty and Famines, 651–2
Senghor, Léopold, 460
Serner, Walter, 161
Seurat, Georges, 59
Seveso, Italy, 586
Shakespeare, William: Harold Bloom on, 724; and modern cultural studies, 716–17, 725–6; Peter Brook directs, 640–1
Shankar, Ravi, 712
Sharpy-Shafer, E. A., 103
Shattuck, Roger, 24
Shaw, George Bernard, 340, 383
Shchukin, Sergey, 164–5
Shelter Island, New York, 508
Shentalinsky, Vitali, 316, 322, 323
Shephard, Alan, 567
Sherrington, Sir Charles, 367
Shils, Edward, 376, 390, 447, 721n
Shing-Tung Yau, 744
Shirer, William, 361
Shivarov, Nikolai, 323
Shockley, William, 476–8
Shostakovich, Dmitri, 47, 55?, 475; Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, 323
Shub-ad, Queen, 250
Sibelius, Jean, 56
Siedlung see Bauhaus
Signoret, Simone, 627
Silicon Valley, California, 478
Sillitoe, Alan, 464
Simenon, Georges, 409
Simmel, Ernst, 151, 505
Simmel, George, 181
Simon, Théodore, 500
Simpson, George Gaylord, 371, 577
Sinclair, Upton, 231
Sinfield, Alan, 716
Sitter, W. de, 183
Sitwell, Sir Osbert, 215
Skinner, Burrhus Fred, 677, 695; Science and Human Behaviour, 494–8, 500; Verbal Behaviour, 496
Slessor, Marshal of the RAF Sir John, 365
Slim, Field Marshal William, Viscount, 365
Slipher, Vesto, 265
Sloan, John, 86
Slodki, Marcel, 161
Smit, Jan, 687
Smith, Adam: The Wealth of Nations, 650
Smith, Charlotte, 88
Smith, J. Russelclass="underline" North America, 212
Smith, John Maynard, 692, 695
Smith, Roger, 3
Smith, Stevie, 423
Snezhnevsky, Andrei, 541
Snow, Sir Charles P. (later Baron), 5, 133, 256, 471, 489; The Two Cultures, 468–70
Snowden, Frank, 728
Sobell, Morton, 482
Society for Psychical Research, 157
Soddy, Frederick, 91
Solotaroff, Theodore, 511
Solow, Robert, 593?, 648–9
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 39, 541–2; The Gulag Archipelago, 482, 541–4
Sombart, Werner, 171, 244, 768
Somme, battle of the (Great War), 146
Sontag, Susan, 592; ‘Against
Interpretation’, 515; AIDS and its Metaphors, 662; Illness as Metaphor, 636, 661–2
Sony (Japanese company), 477
Sorley, Charles Hamilton, 145