Cultural Left, 467
Cultural Revolution (China), 539–40
cultural studies (and culture wars), 716–35, 768
culture: Blooms’ attack on decline of, 720–3; cross-over, 769; Snow-Leavis ‘two-culture’ debate, 467–70; tradition and levels of, 450–3, 466–7, 470, 706; see also anthropology
cuneiform writing, 249
cyberspace, 738
cytosine, 480
Dada, 161–4
Darwinism: and pessimism, 38; Social, 40–4, 47–8, 60, 113, 122, 136, 241, 244, 246, 318–21, 453; see also evolution
dating methods see dendrochronology; potassium-argon method; radiocarbon dating
DDT (earlier DDD), 582–3
Dead Sea scrolls, 574–5
decolonisation, 460
deconstruction, 627, 631–2
défaillance, 672–3
degeneration, 38, 43–5, 53, 606
democracy, 753–4
demythologising, 576–7
dendrochronology, 252–3, 563, 565
dinosaurs: extinction of, 686–8
direct analysis, 663
dissonance (musical): emancipation of, 56
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): and cloning, 614–16; deep geometry of, 748; discovery of structure of, 374, 478–81; and genetic fingerprinting, 682–3; and human inequalities, 697; mitochondrial, 689; and origins of life, 684; see also nucleic acid
domestication: of animals and plants, 752
dominant traits (genetics), 19
double bind, 502
double-helix, 480, 614–15; see also DNA
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), 113–15
drugs: mind-affecting, 501–2
E=mc2, 93, 107, 571
e-mail, 737; see also Internet
earth: age of, 124; photographed from space, 580–1; see also ecology
ecology, 582–6; see also animal behaviour
economics: and society, 646–55; see also acquisitive society; affluence; business-cycle theory; capitalism; consumerism; corporations (business); famines; free market
economics; Great Depression; Great Society; growth; laissez-faire; living standards; monetarism; New Deal; New Growth Theory; planned society; poverty; stagflation; underclass; unemployment; welfare state; and Bretton Woods; Wall Street Crash; and individual economists in Index of Names, People and Places
Ediacara, 686
edification (philosophy), 669–70
education: and abolition of schools, 535–6; criticised in USA, 729–31; in democracies, 77–8; and equality of opportunity, 533–6; and neighborhood effect, 519; popular, 220; see also universities
ego, the, 37
Eight-Fold Way, 509
élan vital see life force
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 501
electronic music, 624
electronics, 477
electrons, 21–2, 37, 64, 93, 134, 258–9, 261–3, 267; see also particle physics
elephants: studied, 611–12, 618
elevators (lifts), 81n
emergent properties, 701
empiricism, 76, 91, 235, 632
encyclicals (papal) see Index of Names, People and Places under Popes John XXIII; Pius X and Pius XII
energy: emission of, 22–3
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), 364–5
Enigma (code machine), 361–2, 364
Enovid (birth-control pill), 429
entropy, 22
environment see ecology
épuration (French post-war purging), 409, 411
Erhard Seminar Training (EST), 598
ethnic cleansing, 766
ethology see animal behaviour
eugenics, 44, 113, 115, 242, 318; see also
race theory
Eurodollars, 590
evidential research, 70
evolution: as ‘best idea, ever’, 3, 694; Catholic Church resists, 67–8; as concept, 66; and consciousness, 702, 756; effect on US intellectual life, 453; end of, 753; evolutionary synthesis, 371; human place in, 253–5, 371–2; and knowledge forms, 757–8; and Nietzsche’s philosophy, 40; popular acceptance of, 121, 124; and progress, 246; and racial differences, 121–2, 124–5; and recent human history, 752; religious response to, 207–8, 290; and right to exist, 617; and ‘saltation’, 372–3; and Scopes trial (Tennessee), 207; slow pace of, 71, 124–5; and stable strategy (ESS), 619–20; Teilhard de Chardin on, 577–8; teleology of, 769; theoretical work and writings on, 692–8; see also Darwinism
exclusion principle (physics), 259
existentialism, 407–8, 410–12, 414, 421, 630; and religion, 575–6
Explorer (US space vehicle), 484
Expressionism, 56; in cinema, 221–2
Fabianism, 293
family life, 451, 601
family planning, 428–9
famines, 651
fascism: as danger in USA, 435; rise of, 224–6, 234; Socialist hostility to, 287; in Switzerland, 306
Fauvism, 60, 129, 165
feminism, 276–7, 422–3, 430–1, 530–2, 536
Fibonacci sequence, 747–8
films and cinema: beginnings, 86–9; creative innovations in (‘new wave’), 636–9; documentary, 327–8; Expressionist, 221–2; in India, 712; madness in, 490–1; Orson Welles and, 348–9; popularity, 234–5; and propaganda, 328–9, 331; realism in, 327; sound introduced, 326; in USSR, 329–30
fixed action patterns see animal behaviour
flexible accumulation, 680
flight: beginnings, 83–5, 89; and jet propulsion, 268–9; and Soviet aeronautics, 482–3
fossils see palaeontology
fractals, 746
Francophone thought, 753
free market economics, 650–2, 655–6, 753, 766–7
freedom see liberty
Freudianism see psychoanalysis
‘frodos’, 738
fruit fly see Drosophila melanogaster futurism, 164, 166
Gaia theory, 693
genes: and cancer research, 661; discovery of, 17; mathematics of, 748; physical composition, 373–4; and survival, 619–20; see also DNA; human genome project
Genesis, 573, 755
generic engineering, 616
genetic epistemology, 500
genetic fingerprinting, 682–3
genetics: de Vries on, 17–8; and ethics and social behaviour, 617–19, 693; and inheritance mechanism, 113–15; Mendel’s discoveries in, 18–19; Morgan’s theory of, 113–15; and mutation, 374; and race theory, 309–11; in Soviet Union, 318–21, 473–6; see also human genome project
geology: and age of earth, 124; and fossil
distribution, 122; and origins of life, 686; see also continental drift
German intuition, 240
Gestalt, 31–2
glands, ductless, 102–3
Gleitende, das, 29–30
global warming, 586
globalisation, 754
gluons, 667
God: proofs of existence, 30–1
gorillas: studied, 610–11, 618
‘great attractor’ (cosmology), 755
Great Depression (1930s), 340–2, 519, 646
‘Great Refusal’ (Mercuse), 503
Great Society (USA), 375, 376–7, 516, 518, 521–2, 533, 536, 596, 654
Great Terror (USSR), 320–3, 334, 386
Great War (1914–18) see World War I
‘green’ movement, 585
greenhouse effect see global warming
growth (economic), 648–50
guanine, 480
gulag (USSR), 541–4
hallucinogenic substances, 597
heart transplants see transplants (organ)
Hinduism, 762
historicism, 379–81, 557–64, 632
history: and progress, 254–5; ‘wars’, 728–9
Holocaust, 352, 435, 734–5, 764; see also Jews