nylon, 343–4
oceanography, 553–4
Oedipus complex, 13–14
oestrogen, 428
oil price crisis (1973–4), 583, 589, 647–8, 655, 680
Old Growth Theory, 649
opinion polls, 432
other-directed societies, 433, 442, 446, 650
ozone layer, 586
palaeontology, 370–2, 484–7, 586–7, 612–14, 675, 686–90
Pan-Germanism, 241, 243
papal encyclicals see Index of Names, People and Places under Popes John XXIII; Pius X and Pius XII
parallel universes (cosmology), 742, 755
parallel worlds (psychology), 203
paramedics, 647
particle physics, 20–1, 90–2, 134, 256–64. 393–5, 508–9, 569–70, 744–5
particulate inheritance, 115
penicillin, 367–8
pessimism, 38, 39
pesticides, 582–3
Ph.D. (degree), 74
phenomenology, 31
philosophy: continental and analytic, 75, 766; and forms of knowledge, 668–71, 676–9; and objectivity/subjectivity divide, 673–4; and problem-solving, 492–3; and science, 235–6
photography, 167–8
physics see particle physics; quantum
physics; theoretical physics
pill, the (contraceptive), 429
Planck length, 740
Planck’s constant, 22
planned society, 376, 378–9, 382, 388, 646–8; see also welfare state
plasmids, 615
plastic, 96–8, 343–4, 635
plutonium, 397
pollution see ecology
polyesters, 343–4
pop art, 510–12, 515
pop music, 456–7, 477
pornography, 529
Port Huron Statement (1962), 595
Post-Impressionism, 58, 127
postindustrial society, 592–3
postmodernism, 7, 679–81, 706, 715, 729, 734, 753, 769
poststructuralism, 634–5
potassium-argon method (dating), 487
poverty, 286–9, 383–5, 441, 520–1, 646, 651, 653–4, 698
pragmatism, 75–7, 89, 90, 679
prehistoric art, 369–70
‘preparation 606’ see Salvarsen
primal therapy, 598–9
privatisation (of utilities and businesses), 648
progesterone, 428
progress: decline in belief in, 245–6, 254, 453, 603, 631, 670, 673; end of, 7, 754–5
Prohibition (USA), 215
propaganda: political, 328
Protestantism, 46–7, 602
protons, 257, 261–3, 509; see also
particle physics
psychedelic revolution, 597
psychiatry: misused in Russia, 540–1; see also anti-depressants, tranquilisers; radical pyschiatry; schizophrenia
psychoanalysis: and association tests, 139; connection with Marxism, 225, 437, 752; criticisms and reevaluations of, 493–5, 498, 664–6, 758–60, 766–7; and direct analysis, 663–4; effect of Great War on, 150–2; effect on literary works, 135–7, 196, 202, 758; Freud-Jung division in, 135, 139–42, 274; international spread of, 138; interpretation of civilisation and society, 273–5; Nazi view of, 306–7; and neuroses, 275–6; and personal emancipation, 633; resurgence in France, 625–8, 752; in Strauss’s operas, 55; Trilling supports, 452; in USA, 505–6; in Vienna, 13–15
psychology: inferior to fiction as teacher, 755; and phenomenology, 31–2; see also counter-culture; therapy-religions; schizophrenia
pulsars, 572–3
punctuated equilibrium, 696
Puritanism, 47
quantum chromodynamics (QCD), 743
quantum physics, 23, 37, 61, 93–5, 257–60, 755; and string theory, 744–5
quantum electro-dynamics (QED), 508
quarks, 509, 569, 573, 667, 743
quasars, 572–3
R & B music see rhythm and blues
race theory: in Africa, 526–7; and assumption of white superiority, 40–4, 277; and culture levels, 451; and ‘degeneration’, 38, 43; and evolution, 578; in Germany, 240–3, 294–6, 310–12, 315, 395; growth of, 71; and human migration, 752; immigration control in Britain, 536; and intelligence, 206; and teaching of Third World cultures, 730–1; and US ethnic minorities and immigrants, 108–12, 116–18, 124, 148–50, 198, 206, 217, 282–4, 390–1, 522–3, 526, 528, 654–5; Weininger’s, 33; see also anti-Semitism; US minorities, racial
radar, 365–6
radiation, cosmic, 569–72
radical psychiatry, 502
radio, 210–11, 218–20
radioactivity, 91, 134, 262–3, 393
radiocarbon dating, 487, 563, 565
rebirthing, 598
recessive traits (genetics), 19
red giants, 573
redshift, 265–6
refugees: from Nazi Germany, 181, 302–9, 350–7, 505
reinforced concrete, 82
relativity: and Eddington’s astronomical experiments, 183–5; general theory of, 133, 181, 264; Mach and, 37; special theory of, 61, 93–6, 132; and string theory, 744
relict radiation, 570
religion: and alternative life-styles, 598–602; and challenge of science, 289–91, 765; and church-going, 603–4; and community, 314; and magical practices, 602–3; non-Western, 761–3; see also Christianity; Jews; and individual theologians in Index of Names, People and Places
REM sleep, 494
reportage, 285
repression, 13
restriction enzymes, 614–15
rhythm and blues (R & B) music, 457, 477
rocket propulsion, 365, 482–3, 736; see also space travel
rock‘n’roll music, 457–8
sacrifice (religious), 249
Salvarsen (‘preparation 606’), 106, 113, 367
satellites (orbital), 481–4; Echo, 569
schizophrenia, 502–3, 541
science: and cross-over culture, 769; as ‘culture’, 467–70; intuition and tradition in, 471–2; link to science, 754–5; see also individual sciences and fields of study scientism, 66
seafloor spreading, 553
Secession, 59, 64; Viennese, 35
self-organisation, 746
self-religions, 598–9
semicircular canals (inner ear), 36
semiconductors, 477
semiology, 635–6
semiotics (semiosis), 347
serial music (serialism), 230, 414, 513, 624
sex: education, 214; in literature, 429–30; origins of, 685, 695; religious attitudes to, 604; theories and studies of, 33–4, 278–80, 423–7, 529; see also pornography
sharashki (Soviet camps), 316, 482, 542
shell shock, 151
Silva Mind Control, 598
singularity see ‘Big Bang’ theory
‘Situs’, 593
skyscrapers, 80–2, 89, 223
smoking (tobacco), 582, 658, 661
Social Darwinism see Darwinism, Social
social welfare see welfare state
socialism, 163, 287–8, 292–3, 378, 518, 530
socialist realism, 321–3
sociology: decline of, 763–4, 766–7; and German emigrants, 305–6; in USA, 212–15, 281–2, 432–49; see also, Herbert Spencer; C. Wright Mills; Irving Louis Horowitz in Index of People, Names and Places
solidarity (philosophy), 670–1
Sonderbund (Cologne, 1912), 127–8
space travel, 481–4, 566–9, 573, 667
spectroscopy, 134, 479
speech see language
spiral nebulae, 265–6
Sprechgesang (opera), 58
Sputniks, 481–2, 484, 566, 736
stagflation, 648
Stalinism: and French intellectuals, 412–13; and genetics, 475; and Nazism, 436; persecution of Russian intellectuals, 315–25; socialist opposition to, 472–3; see also Josef
Stalin in Index of Names, People and Places
Stanford-Binet test see Intelligence Quotient
stars see stellar evolution
‘steady state’ theory, 508