stellar evolution, 573
stream-of-consciousness, 28
string theory, 739, 741, 743–5, 756
stromatolites, 685
structuralism, 629–30, 632, 634
students: rebellion, 536–7; see also Youth
suburbia: and social life, 438
Sunday Circle (Lukács Circle, Budapest), 180–3
superstring revolution, 743–5
Surrealism, 164, 203–5, 510
survival of the fittest, 41–3; see also evolution
symbolic logic, 102
Synanon, 598
syphilis, 103–7
technology: and individual control, 4; Mumford on, 288
technostructure (corporations), 590–1
tectonic plates (continental), 554
television, 211, 219, 546–8, 757
temperament (intellectual), 75–6
Theatre of the Absurd, 513
Theatre of Cruelty, 641
thelyplasm, 33
theology: see religion; Vatican; individual theologians in Index of Names, People and Places
theoretical physics, 93
Theory of Everything, 742–3, 764
theosophy, 64
therapeutic nihilism, 12, 27–8, 30
therapy-religions, 598–601
Thermodynamics, Laws of, 21–2, 32
Third World cultures: teaching of in USA, 729–32
thorium, 91
thymine, 480
time: real and physics, 66
Time Zero (singularity), 570–1
totalitarianism, 435–6, 473
tradition-directed people, 433
tranquilisers, 501, 597
transcendent pictures, 63
transistors, 476–7
transmission control protocols (TCPs), 737–8
transplants (organ), 659–60
transuranic elements, 394, 397
tree rings see dendrochronology
tripartite division (Freudian), 13
tuberculosis (consumption), 103–5, 662
turbines: in jet engines, 269
U-Project (Germany), 400
uncertainty principle, 261
unconscious, the, 13, 139–41, 237, 626, 629, 664–5, 758; collective, 140–1; see also Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung in Index of Names, People and Places
underclass, 699; see also poverty
unemployment: and corporate industrial system, 691; eliminated in Nazi Germany, 341, 383; post-war fluctuations, 390; of US blacks, 523; World War II affects, 342, 387
universalism, 27
universe: beginning of, 508, 569–71, 740–1, 751, 755; expanding, 264–6, 755
universities: and creative ideas, 767; criticisms of in USA, 720–2, 729–32; expansion, 212, 503, 760; increased in Britain, 537; influence in Germany of, 26, 74; internet in, 739; modern development, 73–5, 78, 281; and technological innovation, 650; see also countries and individual institutions in Index of Names, People and Places
uranium, 91, 393–6, 398–400
US minorities, racial (negroes; blacks; Afro-Americans): at Black Mountain College, 355; and colonialism, 527; cultural influence on artists, 60; economic/social deprivation, 653–5; education of, 533–4, 655; emancipation and integration, 519; and ‘Harlem Renaissance’, 215–17, 458; and intelligence, 206, 526, 533–5; and Johnson’s Great Society, 522–3; and legal equality, 644–5; and literary canon, 726–8; music and literature, 458–61, 528–9, 705; origins, 556–7; sporting prowess, 329; and US civil rights movement and direct action, 391, 523–4, 528–9, 644; and US racial attitudes, 108–12, 117, 124, 198, 206, 217, 282–3, 390–1, 458, 526, 654–5; war service, 390; women, 705
venereal diseases, 104–5
vernalization, 319–20
viruses: and medical research, 660–1
vitamins, 180
welfare state, 383–5, 444
West: dominance in modernist ideas, 760–2
white dwarfs, 572–3
will to power, 40
women: black, 705; and Christian belief, 604; de Beauvoir on, 422–3; liberation movement, 529–32; in non-Western cultures, 761; portrayed by Klimt, 35; in US literature, 705; see also feminism
work and workplace, 437–8, 440, 443, 447
World War I (1914–18): conduct and effects, 144–52, 156–8, 168; literary response to, 186–201; and poetry, 152–6
World War II (1939–45): effect on economies, 342, 388–90; effect on political allegiances, 386; effect on science, 375; outbreak, 361; progress of, 367, 386
World Wide Web, 738
wormholes (in space), 741
X-ray spectroscopy, 479
X-rays, 49, 479
youth: and counterculture, 595; and Komsomol, 293, 317; and Red Guards, 539–40 see also students
Zen, 597
Zionism, 45; see also Jews
About the Author
PETER WATSON was educated at the universities of Durham, London, and Rome. He has written for the Sunday Times, the Times, the New York Times, the Observer, and the Spectator, and is the author of War on the Mind, Wisdom and Strength, The Caravaggio Conspiracy, and other books. He lives in London.
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PRAISE FOR
THE MODERN MIND
“A remarkable narrative history of all the significant intellectual advances that made the century so glorious, so tragic, so revolutionary, so exciting…. So lucid and engaging that even the most complex and arcane thoughts and subjects are inviting.”
—Indianapolis Times
“Teeming with stories and ideas, alive with excitement of the time. He summarizes accurately, elegantly, and enthusiastically the lives and thoughts of hundreds of impactful thinkers in almost every discipline. He makes archaeology, history, and economics as scintillating as poetry, music, and astral theory. His inexhaustible interest is infectious. His all-devouring appetite stimulates the reader’s hunger for more material…. The result is breathtakingly entertaining, endlessly instructive, irresistibly enjoyable.”
—Felipe Fernandez-Armstrong, Sunday Times
“It is lively, opinionated, and written with verve. Watson takes the reader on a narrative tour of the intellectual, scientific, and artistic landmarks—some familiar, some unfamiliar—of the last century. Whether read consecutively, dipped into on occasion, or used as a reference work, The Modern Mind is impressive in both its range and ambition.”
—Bruce Mazlish, professor of history, MIT
“Chronicles this contentious century with a panoramic overview of the history of ideas in the twentieth century. Watson provides an evenhanded account of the development of ideas in disciplines ranging from philosophy and religion to the social sciences, economics, art, literature, history, science, and film.”
—Christian Science Monitor
“Watson has achieved the near-impossible: a concise reference that is also intellectually compelling—and a fascinating read.”
—Kirkus Reviews
“While this work is reminiscent of Paul Johnson’s Modern Times, Watson’s scope goes far beyond politics and history. This book will be read and consulted for many years.”
—Library Journal
Copyright
First published in Great Britain in 2000 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
A hardcover edition of this book was published in 2001 by HarperCollins Publishers.
THE MODERN MIND. Copyright © 2001 by Peter Watson.
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