489 Lee had advised his wife: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 105.
489 Lee, like many another parent: Ibid., 106.
489 “At the usual hour”: Walter H. Taylor, Four Years with General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1878), 76.
490 “He was the father of a tenderly-loved daughter”: Ibid., 76–77.
490 He ended on a bleaker note: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 79–80.
490 “Perfect and true are all His ways”: Ibid., 80–81.
490 Lee finally gave his army two months: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 2, 415.
491 “Will you pardon me”: Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), 334.
492 In this he was perfectly right: Ibid., 340.
492 “[Burnside] is as sorry”: Ibid., 341.
493 He intended to “give up”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 170.
493 Lincoln, who was by now: Ibid., 170.
496 When Lee arrived at Fredericksburg: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 433.
497 Anxious to prevent the slaughter: Ibid., 434.
498 Forced to wait patiently: Ibid., 442.
498 “These people delight to destroy”: Ibid., 446.
499 heavy fog concealed: Ibid., 452.
499 The morning of December 13: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 146.
499 “No doubt every heart”: Ibid., 150–51.
500 Without smiling, Jackson mounted: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 128.
500 “as if the ready war god”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 456.
501 “The people [of Wilmington]”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXI (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1888), 1061.
501 On the left: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 458.
502 “It is well that war”: Ibid., 462.
502 “General, they are massing”: Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 221.
502 “A series of braver”: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 265.
503 “About 9 a.m.”: War of the Rebellion: Formal Reports, Both Union and Confederate, The First Seizures of United States Property in the Southern States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. War Department, 1985), Vol. 53, 523.
503 “naked and discolored”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 470.
503 “Our commander-in-chief”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.
504 “It was not a battle”: Patrick Hook and Steve Smith, The Stonewall Brigade (Minneapolis, Minn.: Zenith, 2008), 65.
504 “If there is a worse place”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Fredericksburg,” 14.
504 His headquarters: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 85.
505 “one fourth pound of bacon”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part II (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 730, quoted in Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 494.
505 “his pleadings”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 124.
505 “My thoughts revert”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 87.
506 “My heart bleeds”: Ibid., 89.
506 “As regards the liberation of the people”: Ibid., 90.
506 “[The snow] was nearly”: Ibid., 93.
507 “the doctors tapping me”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 503.
509 “My plans are perfect”: Edwin C. Bearss, Fields of Honor (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006), 124.
509 there was no way to openly deploy: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 185.
510 He then added to his difficulties: Ibid., 186.
510 “The enemy in our front”: The Rebellion Record, Frank Moore, ed. (New York: Van Nostrand, 1867), Vol. 10, 254.
511 “The retrograde movement”: Curt Anders, Henry Halleck’s War: A Fresh Look at Lincoln’s Controversial General-in-Chief (copyright Curt Anders, 1999), 422.
512 Just then Lee’s nephew Fitzhugh: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 520.
513 “to hold Hooker’s 72,000”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 187.
513 Stuart, as good as his word: Sears, George B. McClellan, 129.
514 They located a recent logging traiclass="underline" Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 522–23.
514 One of his staff: James Robertson, Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend (New York: Macmillan, 1997), 712.
514 Jackson had unbuckled his sword: Ibid., 913.
514 “I have but to show him my design”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 524.
516 Jackson, to his relief: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 719.
516 “exploded out of the woods”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Chancellorsville,” 13.
516 “Position after position”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 798.
516 “that we should all strip”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.
517 “a calamity of the first order”: Ibid., 189.
517 Lee himself spent May 2: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 531.
517 “moaned audibly”: Ibid., 533.
518 “with utmost vigor”: War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I, 769.
518 “I know all about it”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 535.
519 “Lee’s presence”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 273.
519 Dazed and humiliated: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 191.
520 “My God!”: Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 498.
CHAPTER 10 Gettysburg—“If We Do Not Whip Him, He Will Whip Us”
525 Longstreet was sufficiently opposed: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 277.
526 In his patient, stubborn way: Ibid., 280.
526 Lee made it clear: Ibid.
526 Longstreet managed to extract: Ibid., 280–81.
526 “secretly swollen with the idea”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1935), Vol. 3, 15.
527 “Although reserved in speech”: Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 21.
527 Longstreet’s first act: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 282.
527 “It was now a far stronger army”: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), text accompanying map 92.
528 He was cautious in revealing: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 285.
528 He had hoped to take advantage: Ibid.
529 Colonel Walter Taylor: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 180.
529 His military secretary: Charles Marshall, An Aide-de-Camp of Lee (Boston: Little Brown, 1927), 182.
529 “might offer a fair opportunity”: Jeffrey D. Wert, A Glorious Army: Robert E. Lee’s Triumph, 1862–1863 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011), 213.
530 The fact that Lee was “thinning”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 286.
531 Lee ordered A.P. Hilclass="underline" Ibid.
532 If Hooker moved his army: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 93.
532 It may well have appeared: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 182.
535 Stuart’s cavalry covered the gaps: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 93.
535 By now Hooker: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 195.
537 “All fences have been destroyed”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 2, 178.
537 At Berryville on June 21: Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 249.
537 On June 25, Fremantle: Ibid., 236.
537 This was the same day: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 195.
538 “I think I can throw”: The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), Vol. 9, 244.
538 “We use Confederate money”: Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, June 23, 1863, ibid., 238.
539 “to take position”: Fitzhugh Lee, General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1894), 265.
539 Major-General Fuller condemns: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 195.
540 The big cavalry battle at Brandy Station: Wert, A Glorious Army, 251.
540 “eight-mile train”: Ibid., 271.
540 Stuart later boasted: Ibid.
541 “Can you tell me”: Ibid., 273.
543 Longstreet ordered Fairfax: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 294.
544 Stuart’s absence was to have: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 105.
544 “the spirit that inhibits victory”: Ibid., 68.
545 Longstreet’s corps complain: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 249.
545 “It had not been intended”: Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership, Gary W. Gallagher, ed. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999), 18.
546 “I had a long talk”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 250.
547 Although Pickett was something of a dandy: Ibid., 247.
547 Heavy rain slowed: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 64.
549 “He wore a long gray jacket”: Fremantle, 198.
550 Except for the advantage: Edwin C. Bearss, Fields of Honor (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006), 158.
551 “I cannot think”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 303.
552 “saith among the trumpets”: Job 39:25.
554 A “long gray line”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 69–70.
554 When General Heth: Ibid.
556 “exhausted and disorganized”: Robert K. Krick, Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain (Chapel Hilclass="underline" University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 284.
557 Fremantle managed to make his way: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 255.
558 Taylor admired Ewelclass="underline" Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 182.
558 It is possible that Taylor: Ibid., 190.
558 Given the fatal phrase: Ibid.
559 In other versions: Gallagher, Three Days at Gettysburg, 28.
559 In mid-afternoon he paused: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 254.
560 Longstreet was surprised: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 304.
561 Besides all that: Ibid., 306.
562 Longstreet replied that McLaws: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 76.
562 Since Longstreet’s corps was not yet up: Ibid., 77.
563 “After he had reached Gettysburg”: Ibid.
563 It was not in his nature: Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, The Fremantle Diary, Walter Lord, ed. (New York: Capricorn, 1960), 292, n3.
563 He sent for Major General Jubal Early: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 78.
564 He thought that the Federals: Ibid., 79.
565 Lee must have had such feelings: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 156.
565 “If I attack from my right”: Ibid, 80.
566 “intrench themselves strongly”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 256.
567 “General Lee never, in his life”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command, Gettysburg to Appomattox (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), Vol. 3, 110.
567 “Gentlemen, we will attack”: “The Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, Robert Alonzo Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: W.M. Ellis Jones Sons, September 1915), New Series, No. 2, Vol. 40, 275.
569 “My son, I hope you will soon”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 131.
570 “The enemy is here”: Ibid., 89.
570 “The stars were shining”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 307.
570 “the truly American custom”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 257.
570 Freeman has Lee eagerly looking: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 86.
570 In any case, no attack: Wert, General James Longstreet, 272.
571 “The enemy occupied a series of high ridges”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 257.
571 “A dead silence”: Ibid., 258.
571 He may very welclass="underline" Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 87.
571 The Prussian observer: Ibid., 90.
572 “What can detain Longstreet”: Gallagher, Three Days at Gettysburg, 159.
572 “were suffering from the lack”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 94.
573 “quantities of cherries”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 258.
573 “When things go wrong”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 198.
575 “profoundly still”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 259.
575 “polkas and waltzes”: Ibid., 260.
576 “apathy”: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 164.
577 “irritated and annoyed”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 89.
580 Although that battle lasted: Noah Trudeau, The Second Day: A Testing of Courage (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), 272.
580 “Well, General, you are here”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.
581 “was doing well”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 260.
581 “We have not been as successful”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.
582 It was Lee’s job: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 105.
583 “General, I have been”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 283.
585 All together, Lee had 125: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 109–10.
585 The rest were scattered: Ibid.
585 As Longstreet reckoned: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 325.
586 “filled with wounded”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 262.
586 “the range of heights”: Ibid., 263.
587 “little clump of trees”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 111.
588 “I heard a thud on my right”: John H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry (New York: Neale, 1912), 129.
590 “if General Longstreet’s attack should fail”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 114.
590 Lee folded up his map: Ibid.
590 “If the artillery”: Ibid., 115.
591 “entirely successful”: Edward Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Scribner, 1914), 421.
591 “calm and confident”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 116.
592 “For every Southern boy”: From William Faulkner’s Intruder in the Dust. See Charles Shelton Aiken, William Faulkner and the Southern Landscape (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 115.
594 The first salvo: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 197.
594 saw “a shell go through six horses”: Earl J. Hess, Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg (Chapel Hilclass="underline" University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 149.
594 “Shells burst in the air”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 27, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 706.
594 “made a very hell”: Jacob Hoke, Historical Reminiscences of the War (Chambersburg, Pa.: M.A. Foltz Printer, 1884), 81.
594 “too much elevation”: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 196.
594 “a display of fireworks”: Jeffrey D. Wert, Gettysburg: Day Three (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 182.
594 “sheltered lines of infantry”: “Review of the Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, R.A. Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: Southern Historical Society, 1909), Vol. 37, 137.
595 “For God’s sake come quick”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 290.
595 Although Brigadier General Hunt was trying: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 120.
596 Lee’s artillery chief: Ibid., 121.
596 “nearly exhausted”: Ibid.
596 Alexander reported to Longstreet: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 350.
596 “fill up his ammunition chests”: Ibid., 351.
596 “grand march moved bravely on”: Ibid.
596 “the salute of the officers”: Ibid., 350.
598 “Yankee dead”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 264.
598 “his colors cut down”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 332.
599 As the Confederates approached: Philip M. Cole, Civil War Artillery at Gettysburg: Organization, Equipment, Ammunition and Tactics (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 132.
599 “I soon began to meet”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 265.
600 “When a mounted officer began”: Ibid., 268.
601 “There are the guns, boys”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 128.
601 “Too bad!”: Ibid., 133–34.
601 “It’s all my fault”: Ibid., 136.
CHAPTER 11 Lee and Grant