Aso, Taro, 347
Asphalt, 40–43, 51
Associated petroleum gas (APG), 356–59
Astkhik Partnership, 97
Astvatsaturov, Ts., 270
Atash (joint venture), 363
Atyrau–Samara pipeline, 362
Austria, 375, 383
Automobiles, 128
Avdyunin, Nikolay, 40
Aviation fuel, 271–73, 344
Azerbaijan, 286, 350, 362, 364–66, 376
Azerbaijani Democratic Republic, 180, 183, 185–87
Azerbaijani SSR, 187–90, 278, 281
Azneft, 197, 206, 209–13, 217, 220, 225, 227, 232, 234, 249, 252, 253, 259
B
Babanosov (entrepreneur), 43
Babylon, ancient, 1–2
Badger and Sons, 224, 233
Baikal, Lake, 11
Bakhmetyevo oil field, 288
Bakinsky rabochy, 138–39
Baku (Baku Province, Baku oil fields)
in 18th century, 15–18
earliest references to, 5–6, 10
in early 19th century, 29–36, 43
in early 20th century, 132, 135–39, 153–54
first British involvement in, 98–101
in late 19th century, 46, 48, 49, 58, 63, 69, 74–76, 91–96, 103–5, 110–12, 114–17, 129
Peter the Great and, 13, 15–17
in Soviet period, 175–83, 185–89, 192–97, 201, 202, 206–9, 211, 214–17, 220, 234, 235, 246, 252, 256, 258, 267–69, 278, 298, 307
Baku and Black Sea Partnership, 145
Baku-Batumi kerosene pipeline, 120–23
Baku-Batumi pipeline, 206, 252
Baku Congress of Oil Industrialists, 144
Baku District, 177, 180, 194, 195, 202, 278
Baku Khanate, 29
Baku Oil Company (BOC), 81–84, 87, 119, 127, 235
Baku–Tiflis pipeline, 192
Balkenende, Jan Peter, 372
Ball, J., 307
Baltic Pipeline System, 362
Banderlich, Benno, 87
Banerjee, Shuvojit, 379
Barbaro, Giosafat, 6
Barclays Capital, 341
Barentsov, M., 275
Barents Sea, 333, 349
Bari, Aleksandr, 121
Bari, Sytenko & Co., 87, 119
Barinov, Mikhail, 215, 252, 259
Barthou, Jean Louis, 200, 203
Baryatinsky, Prince, 46
BASF, 342
Bashkir ASSR, 255–56, 275, 285, 286, 295
Bashkiria, 275
Bashneft, 257, 327, 359, 386, 395–96
Bashnefteradvedka trust, 285
Basic State Laws, 140
Baskakov, Lev, 114
Batsevich, Leopold, 117, 118
Batumi, 110, 111, 120–23, 129, 132, 150, 233
Batumi Oil Industrial and Trading Company (BOITC), 95, 110, 111
Bavlyneft oil production trust, 284
Baybakov, Nikolay, 274, 278, 279, 282, 295, 422
Beilstein, Fëdor, 102
Belarus, 265
Belinsky, Fëdor, 67
Bely, Savva, 57
Belyamin, Mikhail, 87
Benkendorf (entrepreneur), 79
Berezniki Soda Plant, 244
Bergmann, Burckhard, 340
Beria, Lavrenty, 278
B&H Oil Company, 303, 306
Bibiheybet Oil Company, 154, 195
Biblical allusions to oil, 1
Bilderling, Peter, 87
Biofuels, 377–81
Bituminous tars and sands, 338–39
Blacklin, S., 301
Black Sea Cossacks, 57, 58–60
Black Sea Steamship Line Company, 99
Blitzkrieg, 271
Blokhin, A., 275
Blokhin, Aleksey, 248
Bloomberg News, 347
Blumberg, Fritz, 87
Bodman, Samuel, 378
Bogachev, Vladimir, 72
Boga-Eddin, 5
Bogdanov, A., 275
Bogdanov, Pëtr, 196, 197, 207, 422
Bogdanov, Vladimir, 435–36
BOITC. See Batumi Oil Industrial and Trading Company
Bolsheviks, 155, 159–71, 173–86, 188, 189, 193, 201, 220, 223, 227, 231, 239, 243
Bondarevsky (economist), 207
Borets, 343
Bosporan Kingdom, 7, 397–98
BP, 347
Bregman (merchant), 44
Brekelmans, Harry, 343
Brezhnev, Leonid, 289, 305, 308, 313, 422–23
British Gas, 362
Bryus, Yakov, 14
Buchateky, Roman, 247
Budënny, Semën, 192
Bugulma, 286
Bugulmaneft oil production trust, 284
Bukharin, Nikolay, 184, 231
Bulgaria, 371, 374, 375
Bunge, Andrey, 95
Burgas–Alexandropol oil pipeline, 371–72
Burservis (Burservice), 353
Bush, George W., 377–78
Butkov, Vladimir, 46
Buzovyazy Petroleum, 282
Byurno, Karl, 41–43
Byzantium, 3–5
C
California Petroleum Association, 125
California Standard, 213
Cameron, 354
Canada, 226, 273, 274, 351, 355, 363
Cao, Stefano, 340
Capitalism, 231
Captain Konstantin Tretyakov (tanker), 296
Caspian and Black Sea Oil Industrial and Trading Company (KChNTO), 111–12, 127, 147–48
Caspian-Orsk oil pipeline, 257
Caspian Partnership Oil Industrial and Trade Company, 96
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), 363
Caspian region, 15–17. See also Baku
Caspian Sea, 350, 363, 364
Catalani de Severac, Jourdain, 6
Catherine the Great, 23, 25, 26, 56–57, 403
Caucasian Partnership, 143
Caucasus. See also Absheron Peninsula; Baku
in early 19th century, 29, 31, 34, 37–40, 42–44, 46, 49, 56, 57, 59, 60
in early Soviet period, 175–93
first expeditions to, 25
in late 19th century, 63–65, 70–79, 84, 93, 106, 113, 129
Caucasus (Black Sea) Oil Company, 145
Caucasus Oil Syndicate, 145
Caucasus region, 28, 70–74
Center for Energy Efficiency (CENEf), 355
Central Alliance of Consumer Societies (Tsentrosoyuz), 206
Central Asia, 267
Central Caucasus Oil Industry Company, 145
Central Committee, 161, 171, 174, 180, 185, 188, 191, 193, 194, 227, 230, 231, 248–49, 251, 252, 254, 259, 289, 305, 310, 313, 314, 316
Chakhmachev, Vagan A., 301
Chamberlain, Neville, 228
Chamber of Commerce, 229, 232
Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 346
Chanakya (Kautilya), 2
Charter of Rights and Benefits for Russian Cities, 23
Chayanda field, 334
Chayvo field, 346
Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission), 173, 397
Chekmagush oil field, 285
Chemar, 1
Chemezov, Sergey, 356
Chepega, Zakhary, 57
Chepikov, K., 256, 274
Cherepanov, Grigory, 15
Chermoyev (investor), 199
Chermoyev lands, 195
Chernenko, Konstantin, 313, 423–24
Chernov, Aleksandr, 238, 275
Chernov, Viktor, 162, 163
Chevkin, Konstantin, 32
Chicago school, 324
Chicherin, Georgy, 185, 186, 188, 191, 192, 200, 201, 424
Chidambaram, P., 379
China, 137, 226, 331
“China Spur,” 335
Chkheidze, Nikoloz, 177, 180
Chkhenkeli, Akaki, 178
Cholera, 138
Chubinsky, Pavel, 67
Chusovaya oil region, 248
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), 323, 361–67
Citigroup, 341
Civil War, 162–64, 168–69, 171, 172, 174
Coal, 24
Collective-bargaining agreements, 134–35
Command economy, 317, 323, 325
Committee of the Union of Kuban Oil Industrialists, 146
Commodity-money relations, 170, 171
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 323, 361–67
Communist International, 232
Comrade Stalin Oil Fields, 248
Congress of Oil Industrialists, 121
ConocoPhillips, 337, 354
Conservation efforts, 280, 355–61
Constantine II, Emperor, 3
Constantine IV Pogonatos, Emperor, 3
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Emperor, 4, 7
Constituent Assembly, 161–63, 163–64
Constitutional Democrat Party, 140, 141, 161
Continental shelf, 332, 333
Corps of Mining Engineers, 32
Cossacks, 37, 38, 56–61
Council of Ministers, 280, 282, 326
Council of People’s Commissars (CPC), 160, 161, 163–65, 168, 171, 173–75, 176, 178–83, 187, 195, 196, 200, 206, 209, 230, 238, 242, 260, 266, 275–77