Magellanic Clouds, 207, 414
Ma Ho, see Cheng Ho
Ma Huan, 235
Makian, 339
Malacca, 237, 242–43, 352
Malua, 370
Maluco, 369
Maluku, 338
Mandeville, John, 79, 81–83, 89, 98
Manobos tribe, 337–38
Manuel (crew member), 407
Manuel (servant), 347
Manuel I, Emperor of Constantinople, 77
Manuel I, King of Portugal, 15, 16, 18, 19, 34–35, 37, 52, 119, 352–53
Charles I’s letter to, 48
Magellan family persecuted by, 66–67
Magellan’s conflicts with, 20–23
subversion of Magellan’s expedition by, 40–42, 44, 50
Mansur, al-, see Almanzor
maps, 35, 96, 118–19, 199
in Age of Discovery, 10–11
Chinese, 234–35
of Pacific Ocean, 177
portolan, 10–11
secrecy of, 24–25
Strait of Magellan depicted in, 175–77, 184, 413
“T in O,” 75
Mare, 362, 363
Marguerite, Archduchess of Austria, 398–99
Maria, Queen of Portugal, 34
Mariana Islands, 222
Mariana Trench, 204
maritime code (Consulado del Mare), 115–16
Marquesa Islands, 213
Marshall Islands, 213
Martín, Francisco, 297
Martínez de Leiva, Sancho, 61
Martyr, Peter, 28, 75–76, 120, 414
master, position of, 115
Maxentius, Emperor of Rome, 51
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 308, 310
Maximilian of Transylvania, 146, 362
report of, 403
May 1 massacre, 294–97, 305
Meau, 339
medical supplies, 113–14
Medici family, 308
Melanesia, 223
Méndez, Martín, 197, 343, 388–89, 402, 407
elected captain-general, 330
Mendoza, Juan de Escalante de, 116
Mendoza, Luis de, 55, 93, 94–95, 135, 152, 195, 297, 300
death of, 140
drawn and quartered, 144–45
in Easter Mutiny, 135, 138, 140
Meneses, Tristão de, 351
Mercator, Gerardus, 413
Mesquita, Alda de, 17
Mesquita, Álvaro de, 61, 104, 135, 136, 138, 142, 143, 147, 148, 160, 182, 188–89, 301, 314, 408
fate of, 402–3
San Antonio mutiny and, 190–92, 298, 300, 302–3, 305–6
Milky Way, 182, 207
Mindanao, 231, 315–16, 335, 337–39
Ming dynasty, 233, 237
Molino, Luis de, 137, 152, 377
Moluccas (Spice Islands), 17, 34, 35, 70, 82, 119, 127, 132, 133, 177, 203, 205, 213, 219, 229, 241, 257, 299, 339–67
arrival in, 339–40
departure from, 363–67
islands of, 339–40
local politics in, 343–44, 346–47, 356–59
Portuguese attitude toward, 342–43
recording of commercial transactions in, 345
search for, 315, 318–20, 322–23, 332, 335, 337–39
Serrão’s sojourn in, 30–31
sexual customs of, 347–49
Spanish-Portuguese rivalry and, 342–43
trade, trade pacts in, 343–44, 349–51
Trinidad’s return to, 379–80
Varthema’s visit to, 332–33
Victoria’s departure from, 363, 364–69
volcanoes of, 340, 344
women of, 347–48
see also specific islands and tribes
Mongolia, 80
Monoripa, 335
Moors, 7, 69, 318, 327, 362–63, 369, 399
Morales, Hernando, 147, 149–50
Morga, Antonio, 425n–26n
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 181, 319
Morocco, 19
Morotai, 378
Moses and Aaron, legend of, 235–36
Motir, 339, 353
Mount of Christ, 161
Mozambique, 15–16, 236
Muhammad, 12
nagha (mythical serpent), 374
Natural History (Pliny the Elder), 74, 334
Navarro, Lope, 220, 221
navigation:
celestial, 208, 230
Chamorros system of, 229–31
Chinese method of, 234–35
by dead reckoning, 205–6, 410
Negritos, 315–16
Netherlands, 16, 307, 398
Newen Zeytung auss Presillg Landt (“News from the Land of Brazil”), 120
New World, 8, 11, 24, 27, 202, 213, 391
Nicholas the Greek, 393
Nieto, Rodrigo, 283
Noli, Antonio da, 8
Noli, Bartolomeo da, 8
Normandia, Ricarte de, 389
Noronha, Fernão de, 97
Norway, 181
Nova Scotia, 181
Nubecula Major and Minor (Magellanic Clouds), 207
Nuestra Señora de Montserrat, 114
nutmeg, 216, 337, 352
Pigafetta’s description of, 355–56
Nuza, 338–39
oceans, origin of, 205
Order of Santiago, 26, 44
outrigger canoe, see proa
Pacific Ocean, 10, 178, 184, 190, 394, 413
in contemporary maps, 177
course in, 213, 424n
crew morale in, 255
first encounter with, 200, 201–2
first landfall in, 218
Guam landfall and layover in, 219–23
navigation of, 229–30
scale of, 204–5
scurvy outbreak in, 213–14
trade winds of, 208–9, 230
page, position of, 109–10, 206
Paginsara, 339
palang (genital stretching), 265–67, 314, 425n–26n
Javanese practice of, 372–73
Palawan, 319–20
Panama, 120, 176
pants (zaragüelles), 107
Papua, Rajah, 348
Para, 339
Paranaguá Bay, 105, 117
pasamuros (guns), 247
Patagonia, derivation of name, 166
Patagonian giants, see John the Giant; Paul the Giant; Tehuelche Indians
Patagonian Strait, see Strait of Magellan
Paul the Giant (Tehuelche Indian), 209–12
penguins, 128–29
pepper, 337, 370
Peter Gonzalez, Saint, 89
Petrucci, Cardinal, 309
Philip I, King of Spain, 119, 307
Philip II, King of Spain, 239
Philippa, Queen of Portugal, 14
Philippines:
coconut use in, 240–41
Easter mass in, 250–51
landfall in, 231–32
naming of, 248
women of, 248–49
see also Filipinos; specific islands and tribes
Philippine Sea, 378
phyllium (walking leaves), 334–35
Pigafetta, Antonio, 87, 89, 90, 96, 97, 121, 130, 158, 176, 182, 190, 193, 194, 200, 222, 223, 229, 235, 253, 254, 292–93, 332, 333, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 364, 366, 369, 399, 401, 403, 416n
on accomplishments of expedition, 390–91
astronomical observations of, 207–8
in Brunei layover, 321–27, 329
on Canary Islands layover, 85–86
in Cebu layover, 257–58, 262, 269–72
on Chamorros Indians, 225, 226–28
Chinese customs described by, 373–74, 428n
cloves described by, 354
on departure from Seville, 68–69
Easter mass described by, 250–51
Easter Mutiny and, 137, 146
in fall into sea, 242
Filipino natives observed by, 316–20
historical record of, 403–6
in homebound voyage, 369–71, 373, 375, 383–86, 389, 392, 393
joins expedition, 61–63
language interests of, 209–11, 267–68, 316, 349
in Mactan battle, 277, 279–82
Magellan eulogized by, 282–83, 285
on Magellan-Gomes relationship, 188
on Magellan’s secrecy, 70–71
May 1 massacre observed by, 294–96
in Moluccas layover, 342, 346, 347–49, 353, 358, 361, 362–63
narrative published by, 405–6
nutmeg described by, 355–56
on Pacific passage, 205–6, 218, 219
in Philippines layover, 239–41, 248–50
post-Magellan role of, 314–15
in Rio de Janeiro layover, 100–103
scurvy symptoms described by, 214–15
sexual customs observed by, 265–67, 373, 425n
sick man incident and, 274
in Strait of Magellan, 175, 194–95
Tehuelche Indians described by, 161–67, 421n–22n
wildlife observed by, 128–29, 206