pilot, position of, 115
Pinzón, Vicente Yáñez, 96, 119
playing cards, 108
Pliny the Elder, 73–75, 81, 129, 334
Polo, Marco, 62, 79–81, 86, 108
polygamy, 266
Polynesia, 223
Ponce de León, Juan, 75–76
porcelain, 326
Port Elizabeth, 382
portolan charts, 10–11
Port Saint Julian, 132–71, 192, 195–96, 201, 206, 285–86, 334, 420n
Cartagena marooned in, 170–71
crew resentments and, 133–34, 161–62
Magellan-Barbosa letter and, 195–96
mutiny in, see Easter Mutiny
refitting of ships in, 153–54
religious observances in, 134–35, 170
San Antonio mutineers on, 301–4
Santiago wreck and ordeal in, 155–60
secular inquisition in, 147–49, 150
Tehuelche Indians encountered in, 162–69, 421n–22n
winter in, 160–61
Portugal, 139, 238
discovery of Brazil and, 96–98
expedition pursued by, 86–88, 351–53, 377, 379–80
exploration by, 15–16
in Guadiana River conference, 409–10
in India, 18–19
Jews expelled from, 16
in Morocco, 19–20
papal division of world and, 7–9
Spain’s family ties with, 34–35, 41, 42
Spain’s rivalry with, 8–9, 11, 24, 34–35, 42, 44, 48, 246, 342–43, 391–92, 409–10, 412–13
spice trade and, 14, 17, 30–31, 342–43, 352–53, 377
Treaty of Saragossa and, 412–13
Treaty of Tordesillas and, 8–9, 11
Prester John, 76–81, 82
Pretty, Francis, 181
proa (outrigger canoe), 223, 224, 225, 231, 256
structure of, 228–29
Ptolemy, Claudius, 10, 32, 387
Puerto de las Muelas, 57
Puerto Rico, 76
Pulaoan, 335
pullover (sayuelo), 107
pumps, ship, 109
Punzorol, Juan Bautista, 376
qianxingban (measuring instrument), 234
Quesada, Gaspar de, 55, 93, 94, 135, 148, 160, 195, 304, 421n
in Easter Mutiny, 136–39, 141–43, 301–2
execution of, 152
Rabelais, François, 83–84
Raphael, 308–9
Rebêlo, Cristóvão, 61, 65, 94, 257, 277, 314
death of, 282–83
Recalde, Juan López de, 300, 303, 304
Reformation, 308–9, 310
Reina, Pero Sánchez de la, 152–53, 170, 171, 196
Renaissance, 74, 76, 414
Revolt of the Castilian Comuneros, 310–11
Rey, El, 120
Ribeira Grande, 386
rifles (versos), 247
“Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The” (Coleridge), ix
Rio de Janeiro, 95, 96, 243
indigenous tribes of, 98–102
layover in, 100–104
Rio de la Isleta, 196
Rio de la Plata, 117–18, 122–23, 411
Rochela, Simón de la, 297
Rodas, Miguel, 392, 393, 402
Rodrigues, Gonçalo, 137
Rodríguez, Juan, 407
Rosmarus, 76
Rota, 221
Royal College of Physicians, 217
Royal Navy, 216, 217
Royal Standard of the Catholic Kings, 269
Rustichello of Pisa, 79
sailors:
life at sea of, 106–8
social structure of, 112–15
St. Catherine’s Wheel, 51
Saint Elmo’s fire, 89–90, 123, 130, 338
Saint Jacob islands, 385
Salamón, Antonio, 92–93, 103
Saldaña, Bartolomé de, 371
Saldanha Bay, 384
Samar, 231, 238, 239
San Antonio, 36, 87–88, 92, 93, 94, 104, 135, 152, 160, 169, 182, 183, 187, 188, 195, 201, 303, 312, 368–69
in Easter Mutiny, 136–43, 301, 302
inquiry into mutiny of, 299–303, 306
mutiny and desertion of, 189–94, 200, 408
in return to Spain, 297–98
Sánchez, Bartolomé, 429n
Sánchez, Miguel, 393
Sánchez, Pedro, 339
sand clocks (ampolletas), 110
Sanguir, 339
Sanlúcar de Barrameda, 69–70, 72, 138, 198, 298, 390, 391, 393, 397
San Martín, Andrés de, 54, 104, 132, 190, 294, 380–81, 423n
death of, 296, 297
Magellan urged to proceed by, 196–99
solar eclipse described by, 173
torture of, 147–49, 150
San Matías Gulf, 124
San Pablo atoll, 218
Santa Cruz River, 156–59, 173–74, 198
Santa Magdalena Island, 193–94
Santa Maria de la Victoria, 61–62
Santandres, Juan de, 393
Santiago, 36, 93, 122, 138, 141, 170, 173, 276
ordeal of crew of, 157–59
wreck of, 156–57
Santiago, Order of, 26, 44
Santiago Island, 385–86, 387
Sanudo, Marin, 404
Saragossa, Treaty of, 412–13
Sarangalong, 339
Sardine River, 189–90, 194
Satyr of the Sea, 76
Sauvage, Chancellor, 30
sayuelo (pullover), 107
Schöner, Johannes, 176–77
Scotland, 181
scurvy, 195, 214–19, 240, 376, 410–11
cure for, 216–17
in da Gama’s voyages, 215–16
deaths from, 264, 378–79, 385
symptoms of, 214–15
sea cucumbers (trepang) 335–36
sea elephants, 184, 376, 420n
sea gypsies (Bajau), 335–36
sea lions, 129, 420n
sea monsters, 76
seasickness, 106
Seilan, 176, 254
Sequeira, Diogo Lopes de, 409
Serrano, Juan Rodríguez, 93, 138, 160, 189, 193, 205, 276
death of, 295–96, 297
elected co-commander, 292
Enrique’s confrontation with, 292–93
Santiago wreck and ordeal and, 155–56, 157
Serrão, Francisco, 30–31, 345–46, 351, 356
death of, 346–47, 427n
Setebos (devil), 165–66, 211
“Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor, The,” 73
Seville, 42–43
civil disorder in, 311–12
San Antonio’s arrival in, 297–98
Victoria’s arrival in, 391–92
Shakespeare, William, 212–13
Shang-tu, 79
Shark Island (Isla de los Tiburones), 219
ship’s barber, 113
shipworms (teredos), 106, 313
Siam, 237, 257
Siao, 339
Sico, 369
Sierra Leone, 87
silk, 326
Silva Téllez, Francisco de, 66–67
Sirapada, Rajah of Brunei, 325–26, 328–29
slave trade, 8
sleeping conditions, 106
Society Islands, 213
Socolopendra, 76
Solis, Juan de, 119–21, 169, 295
South Africa, 382
South Atlantic High, 383
South China Sea, 319
South Equatorial Current, 96
Southern Cross, 182, 207–8, 234
southern right whale, 124
South Land (Terra Australis), 75
Spain, 16, 28, 33, 96, 139, 197, 238, 308, 342, 353
Basques of, 330–31
Charles as Holy Roman Emperor and, 310–11
in Guariana River conference, 409–10
Magellan’s emigration to, 23–25, 26
papal division of world and, 7–9
Portugal’s family ties with, 34–35, 41, 42
Portugal’s rivalry with, 8–9, 11, 24, 34–35, 42, 44, 48, 246, 342–43, 391–92, 409–10, 412–13
Revolt of the Castilian Comuneros in, 310–11
Treaty of Saragossa and, 412–13
Treaty of Tordesillas and, 8–9, 11
Victoria’s return to, 1–2, 390–91
Spanish Inquisition, see Inquisition
Speculum Mundi, 81
Spice Islands, see Moluccas
spice trade, 11–14, 17, 30–31, 342–43, 352–53, 377
star compass, 230
steward, position of, 114
Strait of Magellan, 423n
crew morale and, 184
Darwin’s exploration of, 185–86
Drake’s voyage in, 413
Fuegian Indians of, 186–87
glaciers encountered in, 180–81, 184
Magellan-Gomes conflict in, 187–89
Magellan’s feat of navigation in, 201–3