Magellan’s foreknowledge of, 175–77
maps of, 175–77, 184, 413
naming of, 194
natural splendor of, 178–82, 194–95
San Antonio’s mutiny and desertion in, 189–94, 200
San Martín’s plea to continue in, 196–99
vegetation of, 185
western exit of, 200, 202–3
strappado (torture), 148–49
Suar, 339
sudestadas (coastal storms), 118
Sula, Chief of Mactan, 275–76
Sulach (Xulla), 369
Sulawesi, 338
Suluan, 239, 255
Sulu Sea, 318, 319
Sumatra, 242, 374
Supreme Council of the Indies, 56
syphilis, 371–72, 428n
Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert, 217
Tagulanda, 339
Tahiti, 213
Tatars, 80
Tehuelche Indians, 162–69, 337
belief system of, 165–66
conflicts with, 166–69
language of, 209–11
see also John the Giant; Paul the Giant
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 212–13
Tenduc, 80–81
Tenerife, Canary Islands, 85–87, 389
teredos (shipworms), 106, 313
Ternate, 30–31, 339, 343, 346–47, 379, 380, 382
Terra Australis (South Land), 75
Thousand and One Nights, The, 73
Tidore, 339, 341, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 368, 376, 377, 379
Tierra del Fuego, 179
Timor, 371, 428n
“T in O” maps, 75
Tolosa, Pedro de, 407
Tordesillas, Treaty of, 8–9, 11, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 41, 49, 132, 219, 345, 365, 381, 385
Torquemada, Tomás de, 145, 146
Torres, Juan de, 283
torture, practice of, 145–47
strappado, 148–49, 150
Wooden Horse, 149–50
trade winds, 208–9, 230
Travels of Marco Polo, The (Polo), 79–80, 81, 108, 160, 404
Travels of Sir John Mandeville, The (Mandeville), 79, 81–83, 160
Treasure Fleet, 232, 233–38, 326, 424n
destruction of, 236–38
in India, 235–36
maps of, 234–35
ships of, 233–34
signaling system of, 234–35
Treatise of the Scurvy Containing an Inquiry into the Nature, Causes and Cure of That Disease, A (Lind), 217
trepang (sea cucumber), 335–36
Trinidad, 36, 63, 71–72, 92, 94, 95, 96, 103, 115, 121–22, 152, 160, 167, 169, 182, 189, 190, 205, 207, 228, 241, 250, 259, 270, 292, 314, 318, 321, 323, 327, 329, 339, 342, 347, 357, 359, 360
in attempt at homeward voyage, 376–80
Carvalho appointed captain of, 366
damaged hull of, 333–34, 363–65, 367
destruction of, 381, 429n
Easter Mutiny and, 135–36, 138–39, 141, 143, 302
Espinosa appointed captain of, 330
fate of crew of, 381–82
flags incident and, 45–46
parted cables incident and, 130–32
Portuguese capture of, 380–81
Saint Elmo’s fire observed on, 89–90, 123, 130, 338
survivors of, 407–8
Tropic of Capricorn, 133
Turkey, 13
Urdaneta, Andrés, 425
urination, at sea, 111
Valderrama, Father, 137–38, 211, 260, 271, 295, 297
Valladolid, Spain, 399–400
Vargue, Hans, 366, 408
Varthema, Ludovico de, 62, 332–33
Vasconcellos, Bishop, 44
Vatican, 412
Vernal, Johan, 113
versos (rifles), 247
Vespucci, Amerigo, 27, 98, 99–100, 331, 409
Vespucci, Giovanni, 409
Victoria, 36, 55, 95, 135, 174, 182, 190, 193, 195, 197, 205, 220, 297, 314, 321, 327, 369–76, 382–94, 413
in attempt to round Cape of Good Hope, 382–83
Barbosa appointed captain of, 160
Cape Verde layover of, 385–89
in departure from Moluccas, 363, 364–69
desertions from, 371
in Easter Mutiny, 140–141
Elcano appointed captain of, 330, 336, 366
fate of, 413
King Charles’s inquiry into, 400–401
profits from cargo of, 391
in return to Spain, 1–2, 390–91
scurvy outbreak in, 385, 389
ship repairs in, 370–71, 376
shoals struck by, 123–24
sodomy incident in, 92–93, 300
survivors of, 392–94, 402–3, 406–7
Timor layover of, 371–74
Victoria Strait, see Strait of Magellan
Vigo, Gonzalo de, 378
Villalobos (explorer), 239
Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, Philippe, 404
vinegar, 58–59
vitamin C, 216, 217
volcanoes, 340, 344
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet, 308
walking leaves (phyllium), 334–35
Waugh, W. A., 217
weapons, 246–48
native, 319–20
Weaving Girl (Chinese constellation), 235
Western Sea, see Pacific Ocean
Whirlpool, 76
wildlife, 128–30, 184–85, 206, 254, 334, 376, 420n
williwaws (storms), 183–84, 197, 200–201
wine, 57, 108, 116, 240
Wooden Horse torture, 149–50
“Words of the Patagonian Giants” (Pigafetta), 210
Ximenes de Cisneiros, Cardinal, 29–30
Xulla (Sulach), 369
Yongle, 233
Yucatán, 364
zaragüelles (pants), 107
Zayam, Muley, 19
Zoar, 339
zondas (dry winds), 118
Zubileta, Juan de, 393
Photo Section
This anonymous sixteenth-century portrait of Magellan is one of the few accurate likenesses of the explorer.
Mariners’ Museum, Newport News, VA
The Guadalquivir River depicted in this sixteenth-century painting gave life to Seville’s shipping industry but proved dangerous for ships to navigate.
Museo de America, Madrid, Spain/Bridgeman Art Library
Sixteenth-century Seville was a prosperous, tumultuous city and the starting point for Spanish expeditions to the Indies, including Magellan’s.
Scala/Art Resource, NY
A youthful Charles I by Barent van Orley. The king was just eighteen when he commissioned Magellan’s expedition.
Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY
Idealized portrait of Manuel I of Portugal. This strange and withdrawn ruler, jealous of potential rivals, repeatedly refused Magellan’s requests for backing a voyage to the Spice Islands. In frustration, the explorer turned to Portugal’s main rival, Spain.
Historical Picture Archive/CORBIS
Ptolemaic map of the world, 1486. Maps based on the works of Claudius Ptolemy, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer and mathematician, distorted or omitted significant parts of the globe.
Giraudon/Art Resource, NY
A T in O map, depicting a scripturally inspired view of the earth. In the T in O model, the ocean encircles three continents, Europe, Asia, and Africa, divided by waterways.
Archivo Iconografico, S.A./CORBIS
A portolan chart of the Atlantic Ocean by Battista Agnese, 1544. Agnese was a Genoese chartmaker known for his beautiful presentation copies of maps showing the newest discoveries.
Royalty-Free/CORBIS
Pope Leo X in a portrait by Raphael.
Scala/Art Resource, NY
The strappado as depicted by Domenico Beccafumi in this sixteenth-century ink and charcoal rendition. Magellan subjected at least one of the participants in the Port Saint Julian mutiny to its agonies.
Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, NY
