have been recognised: Johann Hari, Lost Connections: Uncovering the Real Causes of Depression — and the Unexpected Solutions, Bloomsbury, New York, 2018, p.126.
‘nature deficit disorder’: The term was coined by American writer Richard Louv in his book Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature Deficit Disorder.
alcohol, cigarettes and harmful foods: University of Plymouth, ‘Seeing greenery linked to less intense and frequent unhealthy cravings’, Science Daily, 12 July 2019.
from adolescence into adulthood: Kristine Engemann et al., ‘Residential green space in childhood is associated with lower risk of psychiatric disorders from adolescence into adulthood’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, March 2019, vol.116, no.11, pp.5188–5193.
perform better in tests: Frances E. ‘Ming’ Kuo, ‘Coping with poverty: Impacts of environment and attention in the inner city’, Environment & Behavior, 2001, vol.33, no.1, pp.5–34.
those who gazed only at brick walls: E.O. Moore, ‘A prison environment’s effect on health care service demands’, Journal of Environmental Systems, 1981–82, vol.11, pp.17–34. See also Howard Frumkin, ‘Beyond toxicity: Human health and the natural environment’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2001, vol.20, no.3, p.237.
‘healing gardens’: R. Ulrich, ‘View through a window may influence recovery from surgery’, Science, 27 April 1984, vol.224, no.4647, pp.420–421.
‘annual personal income of $20,000’: Omid Kardan, Peter Gozdyra, Bratislav Misic et al., ‘Neighbourhood greenspace and health in a large urban center’, Scientific Reports 5, 2015, 11610.
‘to help a passerby than those entering it’: C. Song, H. Ikei and Y. Miyazaki, ‘Physiological effects of nature therapy: A review of the research in Japan’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, vol.13, p.781.
‘The more nature, the better you feel’: Florence Williams, The Nature Fix.
‘they have an actual physical effect’: Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not, Harrison, London, 1860, pp.83–84.
‘immerse ourselves in nature’: Dr Qing Li, Shinrin-Yoku: The Art and Science of Forest-Bathing, Penguin, London, 2018.
or decrease rumination: Bratman et al, pp.8567–8572.
four studies of forest bathing: Margaret M. Hansen, Reo Jones and Kirsten Tocchini, ‘Shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy: A state-of-the-art Review’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, vol.14, p.851.
a Tokyo study of 3000 people: Takano, Nakamura and Watanabe, ‘Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: The importance of walkable green spaces’, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, December 2002, vol.56, no.12, pp.913–918; cited in Frances E. ‘Ming’ Kuo, ‘Nature-deficit disorder: evidence, dosage, and treatment’, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 1 November 2012, pp.172–186.
The authors of the 2017 meta-analysis wrote: Hansen, Jones and Tocchini, ‘Shinrin-yoku (forest bathing) and nature therapy’, pp.43–44.
the sharpest and harshest of urban environments: Kuo, ‘Nature-deficit disorder’, pp.172–186.
a ‘healing sense of place’: Quoted in Sarah L. Bell et al, ‘From therapeutic landscapes to healthy spaces, places and practices: A scoping review’, Social Science and Medicine, 2018, vol.196, pp.123–130.
chemicals (phytoncides) exuded by trees: Frances E. ‘Ming’ Kuo, ‘How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway’, Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, 6, p.1093.
‘nature helps in every form, and in every dose’: Kuo, ‘Nature-deficit disorder’, p. 178.
‘the light that nourishes the world’: Ambelin Kwaymullina, ‘Seeing the light: Aboriginal law, learning and sustainable living in country’, Indigenous Law Bulletin, May/June 2005, vol.6, no.11.
‘the presence of water generated greater effects’: J. Barton and J. Pretty, ‘What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multistudy analysis’, Environmental Science & Technology, 15 May 2010, vol.44, no.10, pp.3947–3955.
a 2016 study: Daniel Nutsford, Amber L. Pearson, Simon Kingham and Femke Reitsma, ‘Residential exposure to visible blue space (but not green space) associated with lower psychological distress in a capital city’, Health & Place, May 2016, vol.39, pp.70–78.
Doris Lessing once wrote: Doris Lessing, The Golden Notebook, Harper Perennial, New York, 1994, p.573.
Chapter 3: ‘A Better Show Outside’
‘It’s like the spaceship from Independence Day’: Nick Moir, ‘“Like looking at a god”: Chasing the storms roiling Tornado Alley’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 May 2019.
‘It reminds us of how insignificant we are’: Stephen Smit, ‘Storm photographer Nick Moir describes the beauty of the weather’, Vice (website), 27 July 2018.
‘I felt the full range of emotions from fear to ecstasy’: Krystle Wright (director), Chasing Monsters; film and interview at www.monsterchildren.com/90056/chasing-storms-for-a-living-canon-krystle-wright.
‘one can only pause and look and wonder’: David Hoadley, ‘Commentary: Why chase tornadoes?’, Storm Track, March 1982, p.1.
hunting and photographing severe thunderstorms: Tim Marshall, ‘An evening with Dr Jensen’, Storm Track, November–December 1996; https://stormtrack.org/library/archives/20anniv.htm#jensen. Hoadley said it was two years earlier, in Minnesota, though Storm Track said it was in the late 1940s in the Upper Midwest. Jensen himself said it was summer 1953.
‘I hope they are out chasing for the same reasons we are chasing’: Ibid.
the average age is thirty-five: Roger Edwards and Tim Vasquez, ‘The online Storm Chasing FAQ’, Storm Track, 13 August 2002.
‘running around like fieldmice!’: ‘Weather from hell is heaven on Earth for storm troops’, The Age, 4 July 2004.
‘the first satisfactory explanation of rainbows’: A.C. Grayling, ‘Descartes’, The New York Times, 4 February 2007.
‘one of the defining elements of human spirituality’: Robert C. Fuller, Wonder: From Emotion to Spirituality, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 2006.
‘humanity’s most important emotion’: Jesse Prinz, ‘How wonder works’, aeon.co, 21 June 2013.
‘most of us walk unseeing through the world’: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin, New York, 1962, p.220, © 1962 by Rachel L. Carson, renewed 1990 by Roger Christie, printed by permission of Francis Collin, Trustee.