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Notes
Chapter 1—
Myth, Gnosis, and Modernity
1. Thomas Willard, "Archetypes of the Imagination," in Alvin A. Lee and Robert D. Denham, ed., The Legacy of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994, pp. 15–27. See also, e.g., Northrop Frye, "Archetype" and "Jungian Criticism," in The Harper Handbook to Literature. With Sheridan Baker and George Perkins. New York: Harper, 1985; and relevant portions of Frye's major works, such as Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957. On the general topic see Jos van Meurs and John Kidd, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920–1980: An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Works in English. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988, which contains twentyeight entries on Frye.
2. "Personality," Time, July 7, 1952, p. 57.
3. Robert Hillyer, "Treason's Strange Fruit," Saturday Review of Literature, June 11, 1949, pp. 9–11+; letters July 9, p. 25; July 16, p. 23; and Sept. 10, p. 27.
4. "The New Radicals," Time, April 28, 1967, pp. 26–27.
5. Kurt Rudolph, Gnosis. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1983, p. 56.
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6. Hans Jonas, The Gnostic Religion. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958, especially the epilogue, "Gnosticism, Nihilism, and Existentialism."
7. Elaine Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House, 1979, pp. xix–xx. Emphasis added by Pagels.
8. Harold Bloom, The American Religion. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992, p. 49.
9. Eric Voegelin, The New Science of Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
10. Voegelin, New Science of Politics, pp. 166–67.
11. Ibid., p. 125 and passim.
12. Eric Voegelin, Science, Politics and Gnosticism. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1968. Trans. of Wissenschaft, Politik und Gnosis, Munich: Koesel, 1959.
13. Erich Voegelin, From Enlightenment to Revolution. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press,. 1995, pp. 28–29.
14. Robert A. Segal, "Introduction," Robert A. Segal, et al., ed. The Allure of Gnosticism. Chicago: Open Court, 1995, p. 6.
15. Stephen A. McKnight, "Voegelin and Gnostic Features of Modernity," in Robert A. Segal, The Allure of Gnosticism, pp. 137–38.
16. Kevin Michael Doak, The Dream of Difference: The Japan Romantic School and the Crisis of Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
17. JeanFrançois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984, p. ix.
18. Henry David Thoreau, Journal. New York: Dover Publications, 1962, v. 8, p. 134.
19. Jan de Vries, The Study of Religion: A Historical Approach. Trans. with intro. by Kees W. Bolle. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967, p. 46.
20. Joseph von Görres, Mythengeschichte der asiatischen Welt, I. Heidelberg: Mohr unt Zimmer, 1810, pp. 18–19. Trans. and cited in Jan de Vries, The Study of Religion, p. 48.
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21. See Carl Otfried Müller, Prolegomena zu einer wissenschafterlichen Mythologie. Göttingen: Vandenhoek and Ruprecht, 1825, p. 293. Trans. and cited in Jan de Vries, The Study of Religion, p. 57.
22. Wilhelm Wundt, Völkerpsychologie; see Wundt, Elements of Folk Psychology. Trans. Edward Leroy Schaub. New York: Macmillan, 1916.
23. George L. Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology. New York: Gosset and Dunlop, 1964, pp. 19–22.
24. Mosse, Crisis of German Ideology, pp. 42–43.
25. Karl Joel, Nietzsche und die Romantik. Jena: Diederichs, 1905.
26. On visionary German fiction and prophetic literature related to the rise of the Third Reich, see Jost Hermand, Old Dreams of a New Reich: Volkish Utopias and National Socialism. Trans. by Paul Levesque in collaboration with Stefan Soldovieri. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992. This work presents valuable documentation and summaries of a vast array of rare volkish and nazi literature, such as nazioriented science fiction. However, the book is often hasty and must be used with some caution. For example, the one brief reference to C. G. Jung (pp. 237–38) portrays him onesidedly as one who "extolled" the National Socialist movement, citing only a few outofcontext quotations in unspecified essays like "Wotan," to be discussed in our next chapter; Hermand's notes on this passage refer to no direct study of Jung's writings on his part but solely to an unnamed article in the popular magazine Der Spiegel.
27. Mark Girouard, The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981.
28. Heinrich von Treitschke, "A Word about Our Jews" (1879). Cited in Mosse, Crisis of German Ideology, p. 200.
29. Edward Said, Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
30. For interesting essays studying this process in the case of Buddhism, see Donald S. Lopez, ed., Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
31. Luis O. Gomez, "Jung and the Indian East," in Lopez, ed., Curators of the Buddha, p. 211.
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32. I am indebted to Zeev Sternhell, The Birth of Fascist Ideology. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994, especially ch. 1, "George Sorel and the Antimaterialist Revision of Marxism," for background for this discussion of Sorel.
33. C. G. Jung, "The Undiscovered Self," Collected Works, vol. 16, Civilization in Transition. New York: Bollingen, 1964, p. 264. Orig. pub. 1957.
Chapter 2—
Carl Gustav Jung and Wotan's Return
1. See Sigmund Freud, Civilizations and Its Discontents. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1961. Orig. German ed. 1930.
2. Paul A. Robinson, The Freudian Left: Wilhelm Reich, Géza Róheim, Herbert Marcuse. New York: Harper and Row, 1969, p. 122.
3. C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Recorded and edited by Aniela Jaffé. Trans. by Richard and Clara Winston. New York: Pantheon Books, 1961.
4. Peter Homans, Jung in Context: Modernity and the Making of a Psychology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979, p. 29.
5. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, pp. 86–88.
6. Ibid, p. 103.
7. C. G. Jung, "On the Psychology and Pathology of socalled Occult Phenomena," Collected Works of C. G. Jung (henceforth CW). Trans. R. C. F. Hull. New York: Pantheon Books, vol. 1, 1957, pp. 3–88. Orig. publ. 1902. See also F. X. Charet, Spiritualism and the Foundations of C. G. Jung's Psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
8. Wandlungen und Symbole des Libido (1912). Trans. as The Psychology of the Unconscious by Beatrice M. Hinkle. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1916, 1921.
The causes of the break between Freud and Jung were more complex than the publication of this book alone. For some indicators see The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung. ed. William McGuire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974.