The English impersonal pronoun “it, this, that” (in Neo eto or it) is often dropped in Neo :
ar nil vik it has no importance
me tote egala it is all the same to me
me parar strana it seems strange to me
nesar agi It is necessary to act
sar perfa! that is all right!
>ar oxi! this may happen!
ar bela oje it is fine weather to-day
But this pronoun may not be dropped when used as object or interrogatively :
Mi trar eto tote bona I find this quite good
Libar vu it ? Do you like it ?
Sar it posibla ? Is it possible ?
Still, you may say : Sar ve egala es… ? Do you mind if… ?
because such a useful question cannot be confused for the statement.
II, el, it, zi, zel mean also “the one”, “those” :
il ki venar the one who is coming
el ke tu amar she whom you love
zi ki kantir yerser those who sang yesterday evening
it ke vu bildir the one you built
The pronoun zi has one rather special form ziel to denote a couple (m, /) or a mixed-sex group.
EXERCISE
Mi te vidar, tu no me vidar. Var vu exi kon mi ? II dicar el no venor. Mi te dor pan, tu me dor vin.
Vo ta dom ? em lo ma. Va kamos plu grana qam nas. Ma dom plu leta qam ta. Mi no spar pri ко tu parlar.
II parlar pril yera axident.
El sem dicar to a sa matro.
Nos exor kon zi krasmatin.
Lo vir ki venir e ke tu no libar.
Mi vur spi kia et bel dom.
Sar forse lo del derker. Mi no spar lo ke tu var fi. Ken inkontrir tu etmatin ? Lo dam dey filyo tu konar. Par mi ti ma libros in ta kam ? Ya, mo no tiu lo tas nir lo mas. Yer mi te vidir kon ta frat.
Yer fir bela, mo oje pluvar.
No me vikar resti domye oje.
I see you, you don’t see me.
Will you go out with me ?
He says she will not come.
I’ll give you bread, you’ll give me wine.
Where is your house ? Here is mine.
Your rooms are larger than ours.
My house is smaller than yours.
I don’t know what you are speaking about.
He is talking about yesterday’s accident.
She always says everything tc her mother.
We’ll go out with them tomorrow morning.
The man who came and whom you don’t like.
I would like to know to whom this beautiful house belongs.
It is perhaps the director’s.
I don’t know what you want to do.
Whom did you meet this morning ?
The lady whose son you know.
May I put my books in your room ?
Yes, but do not put yours near mine.
I saw you yesterday with your brother.
Yesterday it was fine, but to-day it is raining.
I don’t mind staying home to-day
THE VERB
THE VERB i (to have) is conjugated as follows (same form for all persons) :
Present ar ml, tu, il, nos, vu, zi ar I have, you
have, he has
Past tense, Imperfect .. ir mi, tu, il, nos, vu, zi ir I had, you had,
he had, we had
Future or mi, tu, il, nos, vu, zi or I shall have,
you will have
Conditional (1) ur mi, tu, il, nos, vu, zi ur I should have,
you would have
Imperative, Subjunctive iu Iu duldo! have patience! (pron i-u)
Past participle at had (mi ar at I have had)
Present participle ande having (adjective : anda)
Compound participle .. inde having had (adjective inda)
(1) The conditional tense may be ignored by beginners and by people who don’t use this tense in their mother tongue.
This verb i is the pattern and ending FOR ALL OTHER VERBS (every verb consists of a stem, suffixed by one of the eight forms of the verb’i): si to be ; mi sar I am ; il sir he was; nos sor we shall be; sat been ; fi to do ; tu far you do ; vu fir you did; el fur she would do; fande doing; vidi to see; il vidar he sees; vu vidor you will see; mi ar vidat I have seen ; promeni to walk; zi promenir they walked; el ar promenat she has walked.
The Imperative-Subjunctive of polysyllabic verbs ends with u instead of iu : Mirii et fem! Look at this woman!; Nos promenu um lo kastel! Let us walk around the castle!
ACTIVE COMPOUND VERBS are as in English : mi ar sat I have been; vu ar fat you have done; nos ar vidat we have seen; el ir promenat she had walked; vu ur pensat you would have thought; zi or endat they will have finished.
This “occidental” construction may be replaced by the Esperanto suffix inta, modified in Neo into inda (with auxiliary verb si, to be) : mi sinda I have been ; vu sir sinda you had been ; zi sor vidinda they will have seen; vu flnda you have done ; nos vidinda we have seen ; el sir promeninda she had walked ; vu sur pensinda you would have thought; zi sor endinda they will have finished.
PASSIVE VERBS (auxiliary verb si) : mi (sar) batat I am beaten; zi sir batat they were beaten; nos sur batat we should be beaten; vu sor batat you will be beaten; zi sir vidat pe mulunos they were seen by many people.
This construction may be replaced by the verbal suffix at: mi batatar I am beaten; zi batatir they were beaten; nos batatur we should be beaten; vu batator you will be beaten ; zi vidatir pe mulunos they were seen by many people; il shar si batat he ought to be beaten.
REFLEXIVE VERBS as in English : mi me mirar I look at myself; il se vunar he injures himself; il se kontredicar he contradicts himself.
This construction may be replaced by the verbal suffix is : mi mirisar I look at myself; il vunisar he injures himself; il kontredicisar he contradicts himself.
RECIPROCAL VERBS are conjugated with the verbal suffix uc : nos amucar we love each other; zi kontinue ofenducar they continuously offend each other; Amucu e vu sor ixa! Love each other and you will be happy!
Dezur vu traveli etsize ?
II lektar entide.
Kan kostar et cap ?
Ka lo presyo d’et cap ?
Eto no muy cipa.
Mi korespondar kon un Angla.
Mi lu skribar, il me rispar.
Ju pluvor, dete mi no exar.
II ju venir da London e me aportir
un bel libro. Mi sem pensar a el, mo el me oblinda.
Shendande dal tren, il kadir e
vunisir. Si о no si, em lo qestyon.
Mi krar, tu me mokar. Mi nur plezantar.
While you dance, I work.
Ask, it will be given to you.
I sell and you buy.
She is not handsome, but very intelligent.
Would you like to travel in this season ?
He reads all day long.
How much does this hat cost ?
What is the price of this hat ?
This is not very cheap.
I correspond with an Englishman.
I write him, he replies to me.
It is going to rain, that is why I don’t go out.
He has just come from London and brought me a beautiful book.
I always think of her, but she has forgotten me.
Stepping out of the train, he fell and injured himself.
To be or not to be, that is the question.
I believe, you are pulling my leg.
I am only joking.
MONOSYLLABIC VERBS
The following monosyllabic verbs are the contractions of the forms in brackets :
i (avi) to have bi (bevi) to drink di (doni) to give fi (far!) to do, to make fli (flugi) to fly gi (igi) to go ji (iji) to become kri (kredi) to believe li (lati) to leave, to let
Both forms have exactly the same meaning; one may therefore optionally use one or the other, according to one’s taste or the feeling.
Thus, you can choose either form : l’aglo flar or l’aglo flugar(the eagle flies); mi no par fi eto, mi no posar fi eto, mi no par fari eto or mi no posar fari eto (I can’t do this).
It is suggested to use the dissyllabic (two syllable) form of these verbs except for the auxiliary verb i) when addressing people in an international meeting, in which case it is also necessary (whichever language used) to speak slowly, in order to make understanding easier.
NEO NUMERATION
CARDINAL NUMBERS :
un du tre qar qln sit sep ot non is ek mil