1359–89 — Dmitrii Donskoi reigns as grand prince of Moscow
1367 — Construction of stone kremlin in Moscow
1380 — Battle of Kulikovo
1389–1425 — Vasilii I reigns as grand prince of Moscow
1425–62 — Vasilii II reigns as grand prince of Moscow
1433–53 — Civil war between Vasilii II and his kinsmen
1448 — Bishop Iona of Riazan selected metropolitan, without the approval of Constantinople
1453 — Fall of Constantinople
1462–1505 — Ivan III (the Great) reigns as grand prince of Moscow
1463 — Moscow acquires the principalities of Iaroslavl and part of Rostov
1478 — Moscow annexes Novgorod
1480 — Battle of Ugra, nominal end of Moscow subordination to Mongols
1485 — Moscow conquers Tver
1497 — Ivan III issues a brief law code (Sudebnik), with the first broad limitation on peasant movement
1499 — Moscow acquires the principalities of Viatka
1505–33 — Vasilii III reigns as grand prince of Moscow
1510 — Moscow absorbs the city-state of Pskov
1514 — Smolensk conquered
1521 — Annexation of Riazan, last independent principality in central Russia
1533–84 — Ivan IV reigns in minority as grand prince (1533–47), then tsar of Moscow (1547–84)
1537 — Local judicial and administrative reforms, with the election of ‘brigandage elders’ (gubnye starosty)
1547 — Ivan IV crowned tsar
1550 — Law code (sudebnik) promulgated
1551 — Church council (‘Hundred Chapters’ or Stoglav) proposes church reforms
1552 — Conquest of Kazan
1555 — Reform of local fiscal system (zemskie starosty)
1556 — Astrakhan conquered
1558–83 — Livonian War, ending with threats that cede lands to Poland-Lithuania and Sweden
1564 — Publication of first book
1564–72 — Oprichnina, Ivan’s personal domain
1570 — Oprichnina forces sack Novgorod
1571 — Crimean Tatars storm and burn Moscow
1575 — Ivan IV abdicates temporarily in favour of Semen Bekbulatovich
1580 — First law forbidding peasants to change landlords
1582 — Ermak’s initial conquest of khanate of western Siberia
1584–1613 — Time of Troubles
1584 — Fedor Ivanovich reigns as tsar, with Boris Godunov ruling behind the scenes
1589 — Law code (sudebnik); establishment of Patriarchate
1591 — Death of Tsarevich Dmitrii
1598 — Fedor dies, marking the extinction of the Riurikid dynasty
1598–1605 — Boris Godunov reigns as tsar
1605–6 — First False Dmitrii reigns as tsar
1606–7 — Bolotnikov rebellion
1606–10 — Reign of ‘boyar’ tsar, Vasilii Shuiskii
1610–13 — Interregnum: boyar intervention, Polish rule
1612 — Liberation of Moscow by Minin and Pozharskii (October)
1613–1689 — Muscovy: Restored and Reconstructed
1613 — Election of Michael Romanov, onset of new dynasty (1613–1917) 1613–45 Mikhail reigns as tsar
1617 — Treaty of Stolbovo with Sweden
1618 — Armistice of Deulino with Poland
1619 — Filaret (Romanov) consecrated as patriarch
1632–4 — Polish war
1645–76 — Alexis reigns as tsar
1648 — Moscow uprising
1649 — Law code (Sobornoe ulozhenie)
1650 — Novgorod and Pskov rebellions
1652 — Establishment of separate foreigners’ settlement (nemetskaia sloboda) in Moscow; consecration of Nikon as Patriarch
1653 — First church reforms, which eventually led to schism (raskot)
1654 — Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnitskii recognize Moscow’s suzerainty
1666–7 — Church counciclass="underline" condemnation of Nikon, formal beginning of schism
1667 — Armistice of Andrusovo with Poland
1667–71 — Stenka Razin rebellion
1672 — First theatrical performance
1676–81 — First Russo-Turkish war
1676–82 — Fedor reigns as tsar
1682–9 — Regency of Sofia; nominal rule of Peter I and Ivan V
1682 — Peter I proclaimed tsar, then co-tsar with older half-brother Ivan V; aboltion of precedence; Streltsy revolt
1686 — ‘Eternal Peace’ with Poland-Lithuania and joining Holy League against the Ottoman Turks
1687–9 — Vasilii Golitsyn’s failed campaigns against the Crimean khanate
1689 — Russian-Chinese Treaty of Nerchinsk
1689–1740 — Petrine Russia and Aftermath
1689 — Peter I (the Great) assumes power, ruling until his death in 1725
1690 — Birth of Tsarevich Alexis
1693–4 — Peter travels to Archangel to sample sea voyages
1695–6 — Azov campaigns: initial failure, eventual success
1697–8 — Peter’s ‘Grand Embassy’ to Western Europe
1698 — Revolt of the Streltsy suppressed
1700–21 — Northern War between Russia and Sweden
1700 — Russian defeat at Narva; death of Patriarch Adrian; adoption of European (Julian) calendar
1701 — Opening of the Moscow school of mathematics and navigation
1702 — Manifesto welcoming foreigners to Russia; opening of first public theatre in Moscow
1703 — Foundation of St Petersburg; publication of first newspaper (Vedomosti)
1705–6 — Streltsy revolt at Astrakhan
1707–8 — Cossack revolt on lower Don led by Bulavin
1708 — Adoption of civil alphabet
1709 — Russian victory at Poltava
1710 — Russian conquest of Baltics
1711 — Foundation of the Senate; marriage of Peter to Catherine; defeat at Pruth
1713 — Court and many administrative agencies transferred to St Petersburg; earnest preparations for administrative reform commence
1714 — Russian naval victory at Hangö; Naval Academy established in St Petersburg
1715–17 — First Russian expedition to Central Asia
1716–17 — Peter’s second extended trip to Europe
1717–18 — Administrative colleges (kollegii) established
1718 — Investigation, trial, and execution of Tsarevich Alexis and other alleged conspirators
1721 — Adoption of imperial title; publication of the Ecclesiastical Regulation and foundation of the Holy Synod
1722 — New succession law; Table of Ranks promulgated
1722–3 — Persian Campaign along the Caspian Sea
1722–4 — Completion of first universal (male) census; first collection of ‘soul tax’
1724 — Foundation of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences at St Petersburg
1725 — Death of Peter I; accession of Catherine I
1725–7 — Reign of Catherine I; hegemony of Alexander Menshikov
1726–30 — Predominance of Supreme Privy Council
1727–30 — Reign of Peter II; downfall and exile of Menshikov
1730 — ‘Constitutional Crisis’ after the death of Peter II, accession of Anna Ivanovna as empress (1730–40); abolition of Supreme Privy Council; emergence of Biron as favourite
1733–5 — War of the Polish Succession, Russia in alliance with Austria
1735 — Orenburg founded on south-eastern border and southern Urals; Turkic Bashkirs resist Russian encroachment in a full-blown colonial war till 1740
1736–9 — Russo-Turkish War
1740 — Death of Anna Ivanovna