Notes
1. NKO Order No. 25, signed by Stalin and dated January 15, 1943. Document No. 18, in Russkii arkhiv. Velikaya otechestvennaya. Prikazy Narodnogo Komissara Oborony SSSR, 13 (2–3), 30.
2. Letter to Stalin, dated December 19, 1944, in Winston Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy (New York: RosettaBooks, 2002), 260–1.
3. Politburo decision P38/3, dated July 21, 1942, and Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, dated July 29, 1942.
4. NKO Order No. 258, dated July 30, 1943. Document No. 155, in Russkii arkhiv. Velikaya otechestvennaya. Prikazy, 13 (2-3), 191–2.
5. A. I. Romanov’s description of Merkulov in Nights Are Longest There: A Memoir of the Soviet Security Services, translated by Gerald Burke (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972), 55.
6. Quoted in SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki i dokumenty, edited by V. S. Khristoforov et al., 64 (Moscow: Glavnoe arkhivnoe upravlenie, 2003) (in Russian).
7. Na prieme u Stalina. Tetradi (zhurnaly) zapisei lits, pronyatykh I. V. Stalinym (1924–1953 gg.), edited by A. V. Korotkov, A. D. Chernev, and A. A. Chernobaev, 401 (Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2008) (in Russian).
8. Merkulov’s letters to Stalin Nos. 334/B, 340/B, and 365/B, dated April 2, 4, and 14, 1943, respectively. The last letter is Document No. 149 in A. I. Kokurin and N. V. Petrov, Lubyanka. Organy VCheKa-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVDKGB. 1917–1991. Spravochnik (Moscow: Demokratiya, 2003), 621–2 (in Russian).
9. Na prieme u Stalina, 403.
10. Politburo decisions P40/91, dated April 14, 1943. Document No. 234 in Lubyanka. Stalin i NKVD-NKGB-GUKR ‘SMERSH.’ 1939–1946, edited by V. N. Khaustov, V. P. Naumov, and N. S. Plotnikova, 371–2 (Moscow: Demokratiya, 2006) (in Russian).
11. The new NKGB structure in Merkulov’s letter and the Central Committee’s decision, dated April 14, 1943. Document Nos. 149 and 150 in Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka, 621–3. The NKVD structure on January 1, 1944, in ibid., 197.
12. Na prieme u Stalina, 404–5.
13. Photo of the document in SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 67.
14. Na prieme u Stalina, 405.
15. Document No. 151 in Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka, 623–6.
16. Na prieme u Stalina, 406.
17. Abakumov’s letter to Stalin No. 103/A, dated April 27, 1943, and NKO Order Nos. 1/ssh and 3/ssh, dated April 29, 1943; signed by Stalin. Photos on pages 72 and 76, SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki.
18. GKO Decision No. 3399, dated May 20, 1943. Document No. 32 in Yurii Gor’kov, Gosudarstvennyi komitet oborony postanovlyaet (1941–1945). Tsifry, dokumenty (Moscow: Olma-Press, 2002), 527–8 (in Russian).
19. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka, 79.
20. Page 124 in Aleksandr Kokurin and Nikita Petrov, ‘NKVD–NKGB–SMERSH: Struktura, funktsii, kadry. Stat’ya tret’ya (1941–1943),’ Svobodnaya mysl 8 (1997), 118–28 (in Russian). Details in Vadim Abramov, Abakumov—nachal’nik SMERSHa. Vzlet igibel’ lyubimtsa Stalina (Moscow: Yauza-ksmo, 2005), 88–98 (in Russian).
21. NKVD Order, dated May 15, 1943. Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka, 79. Details in SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 293–310.
22. Klim Degtyarev and Aleksandr Kolpakidi, SMERSH (Moscow: Yauza-Eksmo, 2009), 146 (in Russian).
23. Ibid., 147.
24. Vadim Abramov, SMERSH. Sovetskaya voennaya razvedka protiv razvedki Tret’ego Reikha (Moscow: Yauza-Eksmo, 2005), 135 (in Russian).
25. Joint directive of the Justice Commissar and chief USSR Prosecutor, dated August 10, 1943. Vyacheslav V. Obukhov, Pravovye osnovy organizatsii i deyatel’nosti voennykh tribunalov voisk NKVD SSSR v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941–1945 gg. Candidate of Sciences Dissertation (Moscow: MVD Moskovskii Universitet, 2002), 122 (in Russian).
26. ‘Regulations on the Main Counterintelligence Directorate of the Defense Commissariat (“Smersh”) and its organs,’ approved by Stalin on April 21, 1943. Document No. 151 in Kokurin and Petrov, Lubyanka, 623–6.
27. Ibid.
28. ‘Dokladnaya zapiska V. N. Merkulova na imya N. S. Khrushcheva ot 23 iyulya 1953 g.,’ in Neizvestnaya Rossiya. XX vek. Kniga tret’ya (Moscow: Istoricheskoe nasledie, 1993), 72 (in Russian).
29. N. V. Petrov, Kto rukovodil organami gosbezopasnosti 1941–1954. Spravochnik (Moscow: Zven’ya, 2010), 110 (in Russian).
30. Sergei Osipov, ‘SMERSH otkryvaet tainy. Interv’ev,’ Argumenty i fakty, no. 26 (1331), June 26, 2002 (in Russian), http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/aif/1131/09_01, retrieved September 7, 2011.
31. SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 75.
32. Romanov, Nights Are Longest, 69–70.
33. SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 214–5.
34 Nicola Sinevirsky, SMERSH (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1950), 93–94.
35. Abakumov’s report to Beria No. 650/A, dated January 1945. A photo in N. V. Gubernatorov, SMERSH protiv Bussarda (Reportazh iz akhiva tainoi voiny) (Moscow: Kuchkovo pole, 2005) (in Russian), between pages 192 and 193.
36. Sinevirsky, SMERSH, 73.
37. Romanov, Nights Are Longest There, 70–71.
38. SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 150.
39. D. P. Tarasov, Bol’shaya igra SMERSHa (Moscow: Yauza-Eksmo, 2010), 20–21 (in Russian).
40. SMERSH. Istoricheskie ocherki, 166.
41. Ibid., 186–7.
42. Tarasov, Bol’shaya igra SMERSHa, 20.
43. NKO Order No. 0071, dated April 19, 1943. Document No. 103 in Russkii Arkhiv. Velikaya Otechestvennaya. Prikazy, 13 (2–3), 124–7.
44. Ibid., 242.
45. Andreas Hilger, Nikita Petrov, and Günther Wagenlehner, ‘Der “Ukaz 43”: Entstehung und Problematik des Dekrets des Präsidium des Obersten Sowjets vom 19. April 1943,’ in Sowjetische Militärtribunale, vol. 1, Die Verurteilung deutscher Kriegsgefangener 1941–1953, edited by Andreas Hilger, Ute Schmidt, and Günther Wagenlehner, 181–5 (Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2001).
46. The full text of the Decree, dated April 19, 1943, was included in the NKO Order without a number. Document No. 106 in Russkii arkhiv. Velikaya otechestvennaya. Prikazy, 13 (2–3) (1997), 129–30 (in Russian). An excerpt in English is on page 106 in George Ginsburgs, ‘Light Shed on the Story of Wehrmacht Generals in Soviet Captivity,’ Criminal Law Forum 11 (2000), 101–20.
47. NKVD Order No. 00968, dated July 11/12, 1943, and NKVD Instruction No. 311-ss, dated June 16, 1943. Document Nos. 107 and 108 in Istoriya stalinskogo GULAGa. Konets 1920-kh—pervaya polovina 1950-kh godov. Tom 2. Karatel’naya sistema: Struktura i kadry, ed. by N. V. Petrov (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2004), 220–2 (in Russian).