64. Coulton, Panorama, 247.
65. Prestage, E., Chivalry, 72.
66. Speculum, Apr. 1930, 189.
67. Thorndike, Magic and Science, II, 31.
68. Hoover, H., and Gibbons, H. A., Conditions of a Lasting Peace, 29.
69. Prestage, 75.
70. Coulton, Panorama, 239.
71. Traill, I, 379.
72. In Briffault, Mothers, III, 383, 394-5.
73. Bebel, 63.
74. Prestage, 9.
75. Rowbotham, 283.
76. Prestage, 98.
77. Davis, Life on a Medieval Barony, 77.
78. Vossler, K., Medieval Culture, I, 299; Taylor, Medieval Mind, II, 562.
79. Miss Amy Kelly in Speculum, Jan. 1937, 5.
80. Rowbotham, 224, 235.
81. Ibid., 249.
82. Ibid., 245.
83. In Vossler, I, 323.
CHAPTER XXIII
1. Thompson, Middle Ages, I, 565.
2. LeStrange, Palestine under the Moslems, 202.
3. Coulton, Panorama, 327.
4. Lacroix, Military and Religious Life, 108.
5. Ogg, 282-8.
6. William of Malmesbury, 358.
7. Chanson de Roland, 11. 848f, in French Classics, Paris, n.d., Lib. Hatier.
8. Munro, D. C., in N. Y. Herald Tribune, Apr. 26, 1931.
9. Thompson, Social and Economic History, 389.
10. Guizot, France, I, 384.
11. Lacroix, P., History of Prostitution, 904.
12. Guizot, France, 388.
13. Cambridge Medieval History, IV, 334.
14. Gibbon, VI, 72.
15. Gesta Francorum, app.
16. Thompson, Social and Economic History, 396.
17. Gibbon, VI, 75.
18. William of Tyre, Siege of Jerusalem, ch. clxi.
19. In Taylor, Medieval Mind, I, 551.
20. Albertus Aquens in Milman, IV, 38n.
21. Thompson, Economic History, 397.
22. Archer and Kingsford, Crusades, 171.
23. Milman, IV, 251.
24. William of Tyre, xxi, 7.
25. Archer, 176.
26. Muir, Caliphate, 578.
27. Guizot, France, 427f; Cambridge Medieval History, V, 307.
28. Adams, B., Law of Civilization and Decay, 94.
29. In Munro and Sellery, 275f.
30. Lane-Poole, Saladin, 175.
31. Ibid., 205f.
32. 232.
33. 246.
34. De Vaux, Carra, Penseurs d’Islam, I, 26.
35. Guizot, France, 439f; Gibbon, VI, 119.
36. Lane-Poole, Saladin, 307.
37. Ibid., 351f.
38. 357.
39. Ibid.
40. De Vaux, I, 27.
41. Lane-Poole, Saladin, 367.
42. Giraldus Cambrensis, Itinerary through Wales, i, 3.
43. Adams, Civilization and Decay, 133.
44. Gibbon, ed. Bury, VI, 528.
45. Villehardouin, Introd:, xvii.
46. Adams, Civilization and Decay, 130.
47. Gibbon, VI, 100.
48. Oman, C. W. C., Byzantine Empire, 280-2.
49. Robert of Clari in Villehardouin, Introd., xxiv.
50. Villehardouin, 31.
51. Jackson, Sir T. C., Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture, I, 101.
52. Diehl, Manuel, 635.
53. Dalton, Byzantine Art, 538.
54. Gibbon, VI, 171.
55. Beard, Miriam, History of the Business Man, 109.
56. Encyclopaedia Britannica, VI, 788; MacLaurin, C., Mere Mortals, II, 215f.
57. Kantorowicz, E., Frederick II, 185f.
58. Villehardouin, 177.
59. Ibid., 220.
60. 320.
61. Day, Clive, History of Commerce, 88.
62. Hitti, 346.
63. Guizot, Civilization, I, 534.
64. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 152.
65. Speculum, Oct. 1938, 391.
66. In Gibbon, VI, I, 25n.
67. Speculum, Oct. 1938, 403.
68. Hitti, 665.
69. Arnold, Legacy of Islam, 60.
CHAPTER XXIV
1. Day, Commerce, 57; Pirenne, Medieval Cities, 87.
2. Boissonnade, 173.
3. Thompson, Economic History, 577.
4. Speculum, Apr. 1940, 145.
5. Boissonnade, 173.
6. Coulton, Panorama, 325.
7. Ibid., 322.
8. Beard, 79.
9. Zimmern, H., The Hansa Towns, 183.
10. Ibid., 95.
11. Ibid., 152, 200.
12. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 451.
13. Id., Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 581.
14. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 478.
15. Gest, A. P., Roman Engineering, 142.
16. Haskins, C. H., Studies in Medieval Culture, 101.
17. Usher, History of Inventions, 125.
18. Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 504.
19. Hitti, 667.
20. Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 561.
21. Salzman, L. F., English Industries of the Middle Ages, 1.
22. Rickard, II, 595.
23. Ibid., 615.
24. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 500.
25. Renard, G., Guilds in the Middle Ages, 24.
26. Pirenne, H., Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, 211.
27. Thompson, J. W., Later Middle Ages, 5.
28. Boissonnade, 187.
29. Ibid., 186.
30. Pirenne, H., Economic History, 113.
31. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 198.
32. Schoenhof, J., History of Money and Prices, 98.
33. Jusserand, J. J., English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, 192.
34. Boissonnade, 221.
35. Coulton, Panorama, 285.
36. Id., Five Centuries of Religion, V, 282.
37. Pirenne, Economic History, 120.
38. Coulton, Panorama, 343.
39. Boissonnade, 167.
40. Pirenne, 128.
41. Pirenne, Cities, 223.
42. Matthew Paris, Historia maior, 1235, I, p. 2.
43. Ashley, English Economic History and Theory, I, 201.
44. Pirenne, Economic History, 130.
45. Ibid., 135.
46. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 15.
47. Ibid.
48. Id., Later Middle Ages, 449; Day, 93.
49. Schoenhof, 63.
50. Ibid., 57; Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 432.
51. Adams, Law of Civilization, 167.
52. Lacroix, Manners, Customs, and Dress, 272.
53. Davis, Medieval England, 376.
54. Zimmern, Hansa, 165; Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 449.
55. Molmenti, Venice, Part I, Vol. I, 149; Thompson, Later Middle Ages, 420, 452; Crump, C. G., Legacy of the Middle Ages, 441.
56. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 246; Later Middle Ages, 449-50.