53. Ibid.
54. Milman, III, 242.
55. Coulton, Five Centuries, I, 300.
56. Moore, Judaism, II, 4.
57. Catholic Encyclopedia, I, 634.
58. Voltaire, Works, XIII, 136.
59. In Spengler, O., Decline of the West, II, 295.
60. Voltaire, III, 137.
61. Lea, Auricular Confession, II, 443.
62. Ibid., III, 285.
63. Catholic Encyclopedia, VII, 787.
64. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 678; Funk, I, 379.
65. Adams, B., Law of Civilization and Decay, 64.
66. Lanfranc, De corpore et sanguine Domini, in Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 678.
66a. Lacroix, Military, 454.
67. Matt, vi, 7.
68. Encyclopaedia Britannica, VI, 795.
69. Montalembert, I, 57.
70. Male, E., L’art religieux du XIIIe siècle en France, 309-11.
71. Coulton, Panorama, 107.
72. Coulton, Life, I, 168.
73. Addison, Arts, 65.
74. Coulton, Five Centuries, IV, 94.
75. Haskins, Renaissance of Twelfth Century, 235.
76. Jusserand, 327.
77. Ibid.
78. Coulton, Five Centuries, IV, 106.
79. Clavijo, G. de, Embassy to Tamerlane, 7, 63, 81.
80. Coulton, Five Centuries, V, 105.
81. Ibid., IV, 120.
82. V, 99.
83. Coulton, Five, IV, 98.
84. Ibid., 116.
85. 111.
86. Haskins, Renaissance, 235.
87. Coulton, Five Centuries, IV, 121.
88. Funk, J, 297.
89. Howard, C., Sex Worship, 78-93; Coulton, Life, IV, 209-10.
90. Davis, Medieval England, 202; Frazer, Sir J., Magic Art, II, 370.
91. Weigall, A., The Paganism in Our Christianity, 131.
92. Adams, H., Mont St. Michel, 91.
93. Coulton, From St. Francis, 119.
94. In Adams, H., 262.
95. Ibid., 93, 254.
96. 259.
97. 258.
98. Funk, I, 296.
99. Catholic Encyclopedia, IX, 791d.
100. Julian Ribera in Thorndike, Short History of Civilization, 350.
101. For tr. of Dies irae cf. Van Doren, M., Anthology, 460.
102. Gibbon, VI, 494f
103. Renard, 42; Brentano in Smith, T., English Guilds, lxxxv.
104. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 674; Barnes, Economic History, 164.
105. Catholic Encyclopedia, V, 679.
106. Villari, 161.
107. Coulton, Five Centuries, IV, 333; Medieval Village, 294.
108. Ibid.
109. Maine, Ancient Law, 132.
110. Coulton, Panorama, 172, 293; From St. Francis, 293; Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 283; Matthew Paris, I, 83.
111. Davis, Medieval England, 28.
112. Coulton, Panorama, 137, 154.
113. Id., Medieval Village, 295.
114. Ibid., 303; id., Panorama, 197, 204; Social Life, 213; Life, III, 39.
115. Lecky, Morals, II, 335.
116. Coulton, Panorama, 129.
117. Lea, Inquisition in Middle Ages, I, 3.
118. Thatcher, 165-6.
119. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 543.
119a. Jewish Encyclopedia, I, 550.
120. Lea, op. cit., I, 13.
121. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 8.
122. Ibid., 3; Taylor, Medieval Mind, II, 303.
123. Carlyle, R. W., Political Theory, V, 157, 182.
124. Ibid., 162.
125. Encyclopaedia Britannica, II, 370a.
126. Clayton, J., Pope Innocent III, 181.
127. Walsh, J., Thirteenth Century, 370.
128. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 2.
129. In Lea, Inquisition in Middle Ages, I, 129.
130. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 694.
131. Encyclopaedia Britannica, XII, 370b.
132. Coulton, From St. Francis, 275.
133. Funk, I, 358.
134. Coulton, From St. Francis, 277.
135. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 120.
136. Luke Wadding in Coulton, From St. Francis, 277.
137. Ibid., 225.
138. Coulton, Panorama, 165.
139. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 688.
140. Voltaire, XIII, 130.
141. Clapham and Power, 189.
142. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 17.
143. Taylor, Medieval Mind, II, 303; Thompson, Economic Middle Ages, 689.
144. Id., Feudal Germany, 19.
145. Boissonnade, 82, 243.
146. Ibid., Lacroix, Manners, 12.
147. Fisher, H. L., Medieval Empire, II, 64.
148. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 692.
149. Ibid., 691.
150. Id., Later Middle Ages, 12.
151. Funk, I, 355.
152. Lea, Inquisition in Middle Ages, III, 624.
153. Lavisse, E., Histoire de France, III, 318.
154. Matthew Paris, I, 50.
155. Coulton, Five Centuries, IV, 522.
156. Coulton, Life, I, 36.
157. Milman, V, 139.
158. Porter, Medieval Architecture, II, 164; Coulton, Social Life, 215.
159. Cf. Lea, Inquisition in Middle Ages, I, 21-30, for many instances of ecclesiastical self-reform.
CHAPTER XXVIII
1. Coulton, From St. Francis, 12.
2. Beer, M., Social Struggles in the Middle Ages, 135, 177.
3. Luchaire in Munro and Sellery, 438.
4. Ibid.; Beer, 133.
5. Encyclopaedia Britannica, XXIII, 288b.
6. Coulton, Panorama, 463.
7. Vacandard, Inquisition, 70.
8. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 662.
9. Cambridge Medieval History, VI, 21.
10. Sabatier, Life of St. Francis, 43.
11. Matthew Paris, I, 66.
12. Vacandard, 83.
13. Ibid., 74.
14. 91.
15. Luchaire, 444.
16. Vacandard, 77; Beer, 129-31.
17. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 79; Vacandard, 97; Luchaire, 441.
18. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 70; Vacandard, 73; Morey, Medieval Art, 255.
19. Vacandard, 77.
20. Lea, Inquisition in Middle Ages, 1, 103.
21. Rowbotham, 293.
22. Luchaire, 434.
23. Ibid., 436.
24. Lea, I, 120, 133.
25. Thatcher, 209.
26. Lea, I, 139.
27. Ibid., 141.
28. Ibid.
29. 146.
30. 153.
31. 154.
32. Guizot, France, I, 507; Coulton, Life, I, 68.
33. Lea, I, 162.
34. Thompson, Economic History of the Middle Ages, 490.
35. Lea, 554.
36. Maimonides, Guide to the Perplexed, III, introd., xli.